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Man Pages
E(1) User Commands E(1)

E - manual page for E 2.0 Turzum

eprover [options] [files]

E 2.0 "Turzum"

Read a set of first-order clauses and formulae and try to refute it.

-h

--help

Print a short description of program usage and options.

-V

--version

Print the version number of the prover. Please include this with all bug reports (if any).

-v

--verbose[=<arg>]

Verbose comments on the progress of the program. This differs from the output level (below) in that technical information is printed to stderr, while the output level determines which logical manipulations of the clauses are printed to stdout. The short form or the long form without the optional argument is equivalent to --verbose=1.

-o <arg>

--output-file=<arg>

Redirect output into the named file.

-s

--silent

Equivalent to --output-level=0.

-l <arg>

--output-level=<arg>

Select an output level, greater values imply more verbose output. Level 0 produces nearly no output, level 1 will output each clause as it is processed, level 2 will output generating inferences, level 3 will give a full protocol including rewrite steps and level 4 will include some internal clause renamings. Levels >= 2 also imply PCL2 or TSTP formats (which can be post-processed with suitable tools).

-p

--proof-object[=<arg>]

Generate (and print, in case of success) an internal proof object. Level 0 will not build a proof object, level 1 will build a simple, compact proof object that only contains inference rules and dependencies, level 2 will build a proof object where inferences are unambiguously described by giving inference positions, and level 3 will expand this to a proof object where all intermediate results are explicit. This feature is under development, so far only level 0 and 1 are operational. The short form or the long form without the optional argument is equivalent to --proof-object=1.

--proof-graph[=<arg>]

Generate (and print, in case of success) an internal proof object in the form of a GraphViz dot graph. The optional argument can be 1 (nodes are labelled with just name of the clause), 2 (nodes are labelled with just the TPTP clause/formula) or 3 (nodes also labelled with source/inference record. The option without the optional argument is equivalent to --proof-graph=3.

-d

--full-deriv

Include all derived formuas/clauses in the proof graph/proof object, not just the ones contributing to the actual proof.

--record-gcs

Record given-clause selection as separate (pseudo-)inferences and preserve the form of given clauses evaluated and selected via archiving for analysis and possibly machine learning.

--training-examples[=<arg>]

Generate and process training examples from the proof search object. Implies --record-gcs. The argument is a binary or of the desired processig. Bit zero prints positive exampels. Bit 1 prints negative examples. Additional selectors will be added later. The option without the optional argument is equivalent to --training-examples=1.

--pcl-terms-compressed

Print terms in the PCL output in shared representation.

--pcl-compact

Print PCL steps without additional spaces for formatting (safes disk space for large protocols).

--pcl-shell-level[=<arg>]

Determines level to which clauses and formulas are suppressed in the output. Level 0 will print all, level 1 will only print initial clauses/formulas, level 2 will print no clauses or axioms. All levels will still print the dependency graph. The option without the optional argument is equivalent to --pcl-shell-level=1.

--print-statistics

Print the inference statistics (only relevant for output level 0, otherwise they are printed automatically.

-0

--print-detailed-statistics

Print data about the proof state that is potentially expensive to collect. Includes number of term cells and number of rewrite steps.

-S

--print-saturated[=<arg>]

Print the (semi-) saturated clause sets after terminating the saturation process. The argument given describes which parts should be printed in which order. Legal characters are 'eigEIGaA', standing for processed positive units, processed negative units, processed non-units, unprocessed positive units, unprocessed negative units, unprocessed non-units, and two types of additional equality axioms, respectively. Equality axioms will only be printed if the original specification contained real equality. In this case, 'a' requests axioms in which a separate substitutivity axiom is given for each argument position of a function or predicate symbol, while 'A' requests a single substitutivity axiom (covering all positions) for each symbol. The short form or the long form without the optional argument is equivalent to --print-saturated=eigEIG.

--print-sat-info

Print additional information (clause number, weight, etc) as a comment for clauses from the semi-saturated end system.

--filter-saturated[=<arg>]

Filter the
(semi-) saturated clause sets after terminating the
saturation process. The argument is a string describing which operations to take (and in which order). Options are 'u' (remove all clauses with more than one literal), 'c' (delete all but one copy of identical clauses, 'n', 'r', 'f' (forward contraction, unit-subsumption only, no rewriting, rewriting with rules only, full rewriting, respectively), and 'N', 'R' and 'F' (as their lower case counterparts, but with non-unit-subsumption enabled as well). The option without the optional argument is equivalent to --filter-saturated=Fc.

--prune

Stop after relevancy pruning, SInE pruning, and output of the initial clause- and formula set. This will automatically set output level to 4 so that the pruned problem specification is printed. Note that the desired pruning methods must still be specified (e.g. '--sine=Auto').

--cnf

Convert the input problem into clause normal form and print it. This is (nearly) equivalent to '--print-saturated=eigEIG --processed-clauses-limit=0' and will by default perform some usually useful simplifications. You can additionally specify e.g. '--no-preprocessing' if you want just the result of CNF translation.

--print-pid

Print the process id of the prover as a comment after option processing.

--print-version

Print the version number of the prover as a comment after option processing. Note that unlike -version, the prover will not terminate, but proceed normally.

--error-on-empty

Return with an error code if the input file contains no clauses. Formally, the empty clause set (as an empty conjunction of clauses) is trivially satisfiable, and E will treat any empty input set as satisfiable. However, in composite systems this is more often a sign that something went wrong. Use this option to catch such bugs.

-m <arg>

--memory-limit=<arg>

Limit the memory the prover may use. The argument is the allowed amount of memory in MB. If you use the argument 'Auto', the system will try to figure out the amount of physical memory of your machine and claim most of it. This option may not work everywhere, due to broken and/or strange behaviour of setrlimit() in some UNIX implementations, and due to the fact that I know of no portable way to figure out the physical memory in a machine. Both the option and the 'Auto' version do work under all tested versions of Solaris and GNU/Linux. Due to problems with limit data types, it is currently impossible to set a limit of more than 2 GB (2048 MB).

--cpu-limit[=<arg>]

Limit the cpu time the prover should run. The optional argument is the CPU time in seconds. The prover will terminate immediately after reaching the time limit, regardless of internal state. This option may not work everywhere, due to broken and/or strange behaviour of setrlimit() in some UNIX implementations. It does work under all tested versions of Solaris, HP-UX, MacOS-X, and GNU/Linux. As a side effect, this option will inhibit core file writing. Please note that if you use both --cpu-limit and --soft-cpu-limit, the soft limit has to be smaller than the hard limit to have any effect. The option without the optional argument is equivalent to --cpu-limit=300.

--soft-cpu-limit[=<arg>]

Limit the cpu time the prover should spend in the main saturation phase. The prover will then terminate gracefully, i.e. it will perform post-processing, filtering and printing of unprocessed clauses, if these options are selected. Note that for some filtering options (in particular those which perform full subsumption), the post-processing time may well be larger than the saturation time. This option is particularly useful if you want to use E as a preprocessor or lemma generator in a larger system. The option without the optional argument is equivalent to --soft-cpu-limit=290.

-R

--resources-info

Give some information about the resources used by the prover. You will usually get CPU time information. On systems returning more information with the rusage() system call, you will also get information about memory consumption.

-C <arg>

--processed-clauses-limit=<arg>

Set the maximal number of clauses to process (i.e. the number of traversals of the main-loop).

-P <arg>

--processed-set-limit=<arg>

Set the maximal size of the set of processed clauses. This differs from the previous option in that redundant and back-simplified processed clauses are not counted.

-U <arg>

--unprocessed-limit=<arg>

Set the maximal size of the set of unprocessed clauses. This is a termination condition, not something to use to control the deletion of bad clauses. Compare --delete-bad-limit.

-T <arg>

--total-clause-set-limit=<arg>

Set the maximal size of the set of all clauses. See previous option.

--generated-limit=<arg>

Set the maximal number of generated clauses before the proof search stops. This is a reasonable (though not great) estimate of the work done.

--tb-insert-limit=<arg>

Set the maximal number of of term bank term top insertions. This is a reasonable (though not great) estimate of the work done.

--answers[=<arg>]

Set the maximal number of answers to print for existentially quantified questions. Without this option, the prover terminates after the first answer found. If the value is different from 1, the prover is no longer guaranteed to terminate, even if there is a finite number of answers. The option without the optional argument is equivalent to --answers=2147483647.

--conjectures-are-questions

Treat all conjectures as questions to be answered. This is a wart necessary because CASC-J6 has categories requiring answers, but does not yet support the 'question' type for formulas.

-n

--eqn-no-infix

In LOP, print equations in prefix notation equal(x,y).

-e

--full-equational-rep

In LOP. print all literals as equations, even non-equational ones.

--lop-in

Set E-LOP as the input format. If no input format is selected by this or one of the following options, E will guess the input format based on the first token. It will almost always correctly recognize TPTP-3, but it may misidentify E-LOP files that use TPTP meta-identifiers as logical symbols.

--pcl-out

Set PCL as the proof object output format.

--tptp-in

Set TPTP-2 as the input format (but note that includes are still handled according to TPTP-3 semantics).

--tptp-out

Print TPTP format instead of E-LOP. Implies --eqn-no-infix and will ignore --full-equational-rep.

--tptp-format

Equivalent to --tptp-in and --tptp-out.

--tptp2-in

Synonymous with --tptp-in.

--tptp2-out

Synonymous with --tptp-out.

--tptp2-format

Synonymous with --tptp-format.

--tstp-in

Set TPTP-3 as the input format (Note that TPTP-3 syntax is still under development, and the version in E may not be fully conforming at all times. E works on all TPTP 6.3.0 FOF and CNF files (including includes).

--tstp-out

Print output clauses in TPTP-3 syntax. In particular, for output levels >=2, write derivations as TPTP-3 derivations.

--tstp-format

Equivalent to --tstp-in and --tstp-out.

--tptp3-in

Synonymous with --tstp-in.

--tptp3-out

Synonymous with --tstp-out.

--tptp3-format

Synonymous with --tstp-format.

--auto

Automatically determine settings for proof search. This is equivalent to -xAuto -tAuto --sine=Auto.

--satauto

Automatically determine settings for proof/saturation search. This is equivalent to -xAuto -tAuto.

--autodev

Automatically determine settings for proof search (development version). This is equivalent to -xAutoDev -tAutoDev --sine=Auto.

--satautodev

Automatically determine settings for proof/saturation search (development version). This is equivalent to -xAutoDev -tAutoDev.

--auto-schedule

Use the (experimental) strategy scheduling. This will try several different fully specified search strategies (aka "Auto-Modes"), one after the other, until a proof or saturation is found, or the time limit is exceeded.

--satauto-schedule

Use the (experimental) strategy scheduling without SInE, thus maintaining completeness.

--no-preprocessing

Do not perform preprocessing on the initial clause set. Preprocessing currently removes tautologies and orders terms, literals and clauses in a certain ("canonical") way before anything else happens. Unless limited by one of the following options, it will also unfold equational definitions.

--eq-unfold-limit=<arg>

During preprocessing, limit unfolding (and removing) of equational definitions to those where the expanded definition is at most the given limit bigger (in terms of standard weight) than the defined term.

--eq-unfold-maxclauses=<arg>

During preprocessing, don't try unfolding of equational definitions if the problem has more than this limit of clauses.

--no-eq-unfolding

During preprocessing, abstain from unfolding (and removing) equational definitions.

--sine[=<arg>]

Apply SInE to prune the unprocessed axioms with the specified filter. 'Auto' will automatically pick a filter. The option without the optional argument is equivalent to --sine=Auto.

--rel-pruning-level[=<arg>]

Perform relevancy pruning up to the given level on the unprocessed axioms. The option without the optional argument is equivalent to --rel-pruning-level=3.

--presat-simplify

Before proper saturation do a complete interreduction of the proof state.

--ac-handling[=<arg>]

Select AC handling mode, i.e. determine what to do with redundant AC tautologies. The default is equivalent to 'DiscardAll', the other possible values are 'None' (to disable AC handling), 'KeepUnits', and 'KeepOrientable'. The option without the optional argument is equivalent to --ac-handling=KeepUnits.

--ac-non-aggressive

Do AC resolution on negative literals only on processing (by default, AC resolution is done after clause creation). Only effective if AC handling is not disabled.

-W <arg>

--literal-selection-strategy=<arg>

Choose a strategy for selection of negative literals. There are two special values for this option: NoSelection will select no literal (i.e. perform normal superposition) and NoGeneration will inhibit all generating inferences. For a list of the other (hopefully self-documenting) values run 'eprover -W none'. There are two variants of each strategy. The one prefixed with 'P' will allow paramodulation into maximal positive literals in addition to paramodulation into maximal selected negative literals.

--no-generation

Don't perform any generating inferences (equivalent to --literal-selection-strategy=NoGeneration).

--select-on-processing-only

Perform literal selection at processing time only (i.e. select only in the _given clause_), not before clause evaluation. This is relevant because many clause selection heuristics give special consideration to maximal or selected literals.

-i

--inherit-paramod-literals

Always select the negative literals a previous inference paramodulated into (if possible). If no such literal exists, select as dictated by the selection strategy.

-j

--inherit-goal-pm-literals

In a goal (all negative clause), always select the negative literals a previous inference paramodulated into (if possible). If no such literal exists, select as dictated by the selection strategy.

--inherit-conjecture-pm-literals

In a conjecture-derived clause, always select the negative literals a previous inference paramodulated into (if possible). If no such literal exists, select as dictated by the selection strategy.

--selection-pos-min=<arg>

Set a lower limit for the number of positive literals a clause must have to be eligible for literal selection.

--selection-pos-max=<arg>

Set a upper limit for the number of positive literals a clause can have to be eligible for literal selection.

--selection-neg-min=<arg>

Set a lower limit for the number of negative literals a clause must have to be eligible for literal selection.

--selection-neg-max=<arg>

Set a upper limit for the number of negative literals a clause can have to be eligible for literal selection.

--selection-all-min=<arg>

Set a lower limit for the number of literals a clause must have to be eligible for literal selection.

--selection-all-max=<arg>

Set an upper limit for the number of literals a clause must have to be eligible for literal selection.

--selection-weight-min=<arg>

Set the minimum weight a clause must have to be eligible for literal selection.

--prefer-initial-clauses

Always process all initial clauses first.

-x <arg>

--expert-heuristic=<arg>

Select one of the clause selection heuristics. Currently at least available: Auto, Weight, StandardWeight, RWeight, FIFO, LIFO, Uniq, UseWatchlist. For a full list check HEURISTICS/che_proofcontrol.c. Auto is recommended if you only want to find a proof. It is special in that it will also set some additional options. To have optimal performance, you also should specify -tAuto to select a good term ordering. LIFO is unfair and will make the prover incomplete. Uniq is used internally and is not very useful in most cases. You can define more heuristics using the option -H (see below).

--filter-limit[=<arg>]

Set the limit on the number of 'storage units' in the proof state, after which the set of unprocessed clauses will be filtered against the processed clauses to eliminate redundant clauses. As of E 0.7, a 'storage unit' is approximately one byte, however, storage is estimated in an abstract way, independent of hardware or memory allocation library, and the storage estimate is only an approximation. The option without the optional argument is equivalent to --filter-limit=1000000.

--filter-copies-limit[=<arg>]

Set the number of storage units in new unprocessed clauses after which the set of unprocessed clauses will be filtered for equivalent copies of clauses (see above). As this operation is cheaper, you may want to set this limit lower than --filter-limit. The option without the optional argument is equivalent to --filter-copies-limit=800000.

--delete-bad-limit[=<arg>]

Set the number of storage units after which bad clauses are deleted without further consideration. This causes the prover to be potentially incomplete, but will allow you to limit the maximum amount of memory used fairly well. The prover will tell you if a proof attempt failed due to the incompleteness introduced by this option. It is recommended to set this limit significantly higher than --filter-limit or --filter-copies-limit. If you select -xAuto and set a memory limit, the prover will determine a good value automatically. The option without the optional argument is equivalent to --delete-bad-limit=1500000.

--assume-completeness

There are various way (e.g. the next few options) to configure the prover to be strongly incomplete in the general case. E will detect when such an option is selected and return corresponding exit states (i.e. it will not claim satisfiability just because it ran out of unprocessed clauses). If you _know_ that for your class of problems the selected strategy is still complete, use this option to tell the system that this is the case.

--assume-incompleteness

This option instructs the prover to assume incompleteness (typically because the axiomatization already is incomplete because axioms have been filtered before they are handed to the system.

--disable-eq-factoring

Disable equality factoring. This makes the prover incomplete for general non-Horn problems, but helps for some specialized classes. It is not necessary to disable equality factoring for Horn problems, as Horn clauses are not factored anyways.

--disable-paramod-into-neg-units

Disable paramodulation into negative unit clause. This makes the prover incomplete in the general case, but helps for some specialized classes.

--condense

Enable condensing for the given clause. Condensing replaces a clause by a more general factor (if such a factor exists).

--condense-aggressive

Enable condensing for the given and newly generated clauses.

--disable-given-clause-fw-contraction

Disable simplification and subsumption of the newly selected given clause (clauses are still simplified when they are generated). In general, this breaks some basic assumptions of the DISCOUNT loop proof search procedure. However, there are some problem classes in which this simplifications empirically never occurs. In such cases, we can save significant overhead. The option _should_ work in all cases, but is not expected to improve things in most cases.

--simul-paramod

Use simultaneous paramodulation to implement superposition. Default is to use plain paramodulation.

--oriented-simul-paramod

Use simultaneous paramodulation for oriented from-literals. This is an experimental feature.

--split-clauses[=<arg>]

Determine which clauses should be subject to splitting. The argument is the binary 'OR' of values for the desired classes:
1:
Horn clauses
2:
Non-Horn clauses
4:
Negative clauses
8:
Positive clauses
16:
Clauses with both positive and negative literals
Each set bit adds that class to the set of clauses which will be split. The option without the optional argument is equivalent to --split-clauses=7.

--split-method=<arg>

Determine how to treat ground literals in splitting. The argument is either '0' to denote no splitting of ground literals (they are all assigned to the first split clause produced), '1' to denote that all ground literals should form a single new clause, or '2', in which case ground literals are treated as usual and are all split off into individual clauses.

--split-aggressive

Apply splitting to new clauses (after simplification) and before evaluation. By default, splitting (if activated) is only performed on selected clauses.

--split-reuse-defs

If possible, reuse previous definitions for splitting.

--reweight-limit[=<arg>]

Set the number of new unprocessed clauses after which the set of unprocessed clauses will be reevaluated. The option without the optional argument is equivalent to --reweight-limit=30000.

-t <arg>

--term-ordering=<arg>

Select an ordering type (currently Auto, LPO, LPO4, KBO or KBO6). -tAuto is suggested, in particular with -xAuto. KBO and KBO6 are different implementations of the same ordering, KBO6 is usually faster and has had more testing. Similarly, LPO4 is a new, equivalent but superior implementation of LPO.

-w <arg>

--order-weight-generation=<arg>

Select a method for the generation of weights for use with the term ordering. Run 'eprover -w none' for a list of options.

--order-weights=<arg>

Describe a (partial) assignments of weights to function symbols for term orderings (in particular, KBO). You can specify a list of weights of the form 'f1:w1,f2:w2, ...'. Since a total weight assignment is needed, E will _first_ apply any weight generation scheme specified (or the default one), and then modify the weights as specified. Note that E performs only very basic sanity checks, so you probably can specify weights that break KBO constraints.

-G <arg>

--order-precedence-generation=<arg>

Select a method for the generation of a precedence for use with the term ordering. Run 'eprover -G none' for a list of options.

-c <arg>

--order-constant-weight=<arg>

Set a special weight > 0 for constants in the term ordering. By default, constants are treated like other function symbols.

--precedence[=<arg>]

Describe a (partial) precedence for the term ordering used for the proof attempt. You can specify a comma-separated list of precedence chains, where a precedence chain is a list of function symbols (which all have to appear in the proof problem), connected by >, <, or =. If this option is used in connection with --order-precedence-generation, the partial ordering will be completed using the selected method, otherwise the prover runs with a non-ground-total ordering. The option without the optional argument is equivalent to --precedence=.

--lpo-recursion-limit[=<arg>]

Set a depth limit for LPO comparisons. Most comparisons do not need more than 10 or 20 levels of recursion. By default, recursion depth is limited to 1000 to avoid stack overflow problems. If the limit is reached, the prover assumes that the terms are uncomparable. Smaller values make the comparison attempts faster, but less exact. Larger values have the opposite effect. Values up to 20000 should be save on most operating systems. If you run into segmentation faults while using LPO or LPO4, first try to set this limit to a reasonable value. If the problem persists, send a bug report ;-) The option without the optional argument is equivalent to --lpo-recursion-limit=100.

--restrict-literal-comparisons

Make all literals uncomparable in the term ordering (i.e. do not use the term ordering to restrict paramodulation, equality resolution and factoring to certain literals. This is necessary to make Set-of-Support-strategies complete for the non-equational case (It still is incomplete for the equational case, but pretty useless anyways).

--sos-uses-input-types

If input is TPTP format, use TPTP conjectures for initializing the Set of Support. If not in TPTP format, use E-LOP queries (clauses of the form ?-l(X),...,m(Y)). Normally, all negative clauses are used. Please note that most E heuristics do not use this information at all, it is currently only useful for certain parameter settings (including the SimulateSOS priority function).

--destructive-er

Allow destructive equality resolution inferences on pure-variable literals of the form X!=Y, i.e. replace the original clause with the result of an equality resolution inference on this literal.

--strong-destructive-er

Allow destructive equality resolution inferences on literals of the form X!=t (where X does not occur in t), i.e. replace the original clause with the result of an equality resolution inference on this literal. Unless I am brain-dead, this maintains completeness, although the proof is rather tricky.

--destructive-er-aggressive

Apply destructive equality resolution to all newly generated clauses, not just to selected clauses. Implies --destructive-er.

--forward-context-sr

Apply contextual simplify-reflect with processed clauses to the given clause.

--forward-context-sr-aggressive

Apply contextual simplify-reflect with processed clauses to new clauses. Implies --forward-context-sr.

--backward-context-sr

Apply contextual simplify-reflect with the given clause to processed clauses.

-g

--prefer-general-demodulators

Prefer general demodulators. By default, E prefers specialized demodulators. This affects in which order the rewrite index is traversed.

-F <arg>

--forward_demod_level=<arg>

Set the desired level for rewriting of unprocessed clauses. A value of 0 means no rewriting, 1 indicates to use rules (orientable equations) only, 2 indicates full rewriting with rules and instances of unorientable equations. Default behavior is 2.

--strong-rw-inst

Instantiate unbound variables in matching potential demodulators with a small constant terms.

-u

--strong-forward-subsumption

Try multiple positions and unit-equations to try to equationally subsume a single new clause. Default is to search for a single position.

--watchlist[=<arg>]

Give the name for a file containing clauses to be watched for during the saturation process. If a clause is generated that subsumes a watchlist clause, the subsumed clause is removed from the watchlist. The prover will terminate when the watchlist is empty. If you want to use the watchlist for guiding the proof, put the empty clause onto the list and use the built-in clause selection heuristic 'UseWatchlist' (or build a heuristic yourself using the priority functions 'PreferWatchlist' and 'DeferWatchlist'). Use the argument 'Use inline watchlist type' (or no argument) and the special clause type 'watchlist' if you want to put watchlist clauses into the normal input stream. This is only supported for TPTP input formats. The option without the optional argument is equivalent to --watchlist='Use inline watchlist type'.

--no-watchlist-simplification

Normally, that watchlist is brought into normal form with respect to the current processed clause set and certain simplifications. This option disables this behaviour.

--conventional-subsumption

Equivalent to --subsumption-indexing=None.

--subsumption-indexing=<arg>

Determine choice of indexing for (most) subsumption operations. Choices are 'None' for naive subsumption, 'Direct' for direct mapped FV-Indexing, 'Perm' for permuted FV-Indexing and 'PermOpt' for permuted FV-Indexing with deletion of (suspected) non-informative features. Default behaviour is 'Perm'.

--fvindex-featuretypes=<arg>

Select the feature types used for indexing. Choices are "None" to disable FV-indexing, "AC" for AC compatible features (the default) (literal number and symbol counts), "SS" for set subsumption compatible features (symbol depth), and "All" for all features.Unless you want to measure the effects of the different features, I suggest you stick with the default.

--fvindex-maxfeatures[=<arg>]

Set the maximum initial number of symbols for feature computation. Depending on the feature selection, a value of X here will convert into 2X+2 features (for set subsumption features), 2X+4 features (for AC-compatible features) or 4X+6 features (if all features are used, the default). Note that the actually used set of features may be smaller than this if the signature does not contain enough symbols.For the Perm and PermOpt version, this is _also_ used to set the maximum depth of the feature vector index. Yes, I should probably make this into two separate options. If you select a small value here, you should probably not use "Direct" for the --subsumption-indexing option. The option without the optional argument is equivalent to --fvindex-maxfeatures=200.

--fvindex-slack[=<arg>]

Set the number of slots reserved in the index for function symbols that may be introduced into the signature later, e.g. by splitting. If no new symbols are introduced, this just wastes time and memory. If PermOpt is chosen, the slackness slots will be deleted from the index anyways, but will still waste (a little) time in computing feature vectors. The option without the optional argument is equivalent to --fvindex-slack=0.

--rw-bw-index[=<arg>]

Select fingerprint function for backwards rewrite index. "NoIndex" will disable paramodulation indexing. For a list of the other values run 'eprover --pm-index=none'. FPX functions will use a fingerprint of X positions, the letters disambiguate between different fingerprints with the same sample size. The option without the optional argument is equivalent to --rw-bw-index=FP7.

--pm-from-index[=<arg>]

Select fingerprint function for the index for paramodulation from indexed clauses. "NoIndex" will disable paramodulation indexing. For a list of the other values run 'eprover --pm-index=none'. FPX functionswill use a fingerprint of X positions, the letters disambiguate between different fingerprints with the same sample size. The option without the optional argument is equivalent to --pm-from-index=FP7.

--pm-into-index[=<arg>]

Select fingerprint function for the index for paramodulation into the indexed clauses. "NoIndex" will disable paramodulation indexing. For a list of the other values run 'eprover --pm-index=none'. FPX functionswill use a fingerprint of X positions, the letters disambiguate between different fingerprints with the same sample size. The option without the optional argument is equivalent to --pm-into-index=FP7.

--fp-index[=<arg>]

Select fingerprint function for all fingerprint indices. See above. The option without the optional argument is equivalent to --fp-index=FP7.

--fp-no-size-constr

Disable usage of size constraints for matching with fingerprint indexing.

--pdt-no-size-constr

Disable usage of size constraints for matching with perfect discrimination trees indexing.

--pdt-no-age-constr

Disable usage of age constraints for matching with perfect discrimination trees indexing.

--detsort-rw

Sort set of clauses eliminated by backward rewriting using a total syntactic ordering.

--detsort-new

Sort set of newly generated and backward simplified clauses using a total syntactic ordering.

-D <arg>

--define-weight-function=<arg>

Define
a weight function (see manual for details). Later definitions
override previous definitions.

-H <arg>

--define-heuristic=<arg>

Define a clause selection heuristic (see manual for details). Later definitions override previous definitions.

--free-numbers

Treat numbers (strings of decimal digits) as normal free function symbols in the input. By default, number now are supposed to denote domain constants and to be implicitly different from each other.

--free-objects

Treat object identifiers (strings in double quotes) as normal free function symbols in the input. By default, object identifiers now represent domain objects and are implicitly different from each other (and from numbers, unless those are declared to be free).

--definitional-cnf[=<arg>]

Tune the clausification algorithm to introduces definitions for subformulae to avoid exponential blow-up. The optional argument is a fudge factor that determines when definitions are introduced. 0 disables definitions completely. The default works well. The option without the optional argument is equivalent to --definitional-cnf=24.

--old-cnf[=<arg>]

As the previous option, but use the classical, well-tested clausification algorithm as opposed to the newewst one which avoides some algorithmic pitfalls and hence works better on some exotic formulae. The two may produce slightly different (but equisatisfiable) clause normal forms. The option without the optional argument is equivalent to --old-cnf=24.

--miniscope-limit[=<arg>]

Set the limit of variables to miniscope per input formula. The build-in default is 1000. Only applies to the new (default) clausification algorithm The option without the optional argument is equivalent to --miniscope-limit=2147483648.

--print-types

Print the type of every term. Useful for debugging purposes.

Report bugs to <schulz@eprover.org>. Please include the following, if possible:

* The version of the package as reported by eprover --version.

* The operating system and version.

* The exact command line that leads to the unexpected behaviour.

* A description of what you expected and what actually happend.

* If possible all input files necessary to reproduce the bug.

Copyright 1998-2017 by Stephan Schulz, schulz@eprover.org, and the E contributors (see DOC/CONTRIBUTORS).

This program is a part of the distribution of the equational theorem prover E. You can find the latest version of the E distribution as well as additional information at http://www.eprover.org

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program (it should be contained in the top level directory of the distribution in the file COPYING); if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA

The original copyright holder can be contacted via email or as

Stephan Schulz DHBW Stuttgart Fakultaet Technik Informatik Rotebuehlplatz 41 70178 Stuttgart Germany

April 2022 E 2.0 Turzum

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