NAME

Mojo::Exception - Exception base class

SYNOPSIS

  # Create exception classes
  package MyApp::X::Foo {
    use Mojo::Base 'Mojo::Exception';
  }
  package MyApp::X::Bar {
    use Mojo::Base 'Mojo::Exception';
  }

  # Throw exceptions and handle them gracefully
  use Mojo::Exception qw(check);
  eval {
    MyApp::X::Foo->throw('Something went wrong!');
  };
  check $@ => [
    'MyApp::X::Foo' => sub { say "Foo: $_" },
    'MyApp::X::Bar' => sub { say "Bar: $_" }
  ];

  # Generate exception classes on demand
  use Mojo::Exception qw(check raise);
  eval {
    raise 'MyApp::X::Name', 'The name Minion is already taken';
  };
  check $@ => [
    'MyApp::X::Name' => sub { say "Name error: $_" },
    default          => sub { say "Error: $_" }
  ];

DESCRIPTION

Mojo::Exception is a container for exceptions with context information.

FUNCTIONS

Mojo::Exception implements the following functions, which can be imported individually.

check

  my $bool = check $err => ['MyApp::X::Foo' => sub {...}];

Process exceptions by dispatching them to handlers with one or more matching conditions. Exceptions that could not be handled will be rethrown automatically. Note that this function is EXPERIMENTAL and might change without warning!

  # Handle various types of exceptions
  eval {
    dangerous_code();
  };
  check $@ => [
    'MyApp::X::Foo'     => sub { say "Foo: $_" },
    qr/^Could not open/ => sub { say "Open error: $_" },
    default             => sub { say "Something went wrong: $_" }
  ];

Matching conditions can be class names for ISA checks on exception objects, or regular expressions to match string exceptions and stringified exception objects. The matching exception will be the first argument passed to the callback, and is also available as $_.

  # Catch MyApp::X::Foo object or a specific string exception
  eval {
    dangerous_code();
  };
  check $@ => [
    'MyApp::X::Foo'     => sub { say "Foo: $_" },
    qr/^Could not open/ => sub { say "Open error: $_" }
  ];

An array reference can be used to share the same handler with multiple conditions, of which only one needs to match. And since exception handlers are just callbacks, they can also throw their own exceptions.

  # Handle MyApp::X::Foo and MyApp::X::Bar the same
  eval {
    dangerous_code();
  };
  check $@ => [
    ['MyApp::X::Foo', 'MyApp::X::Bar'] => sub { die "Foo/Bar: $_" }
  ];

There is currently only one keywords you can use to set special handlers. The "default" handler is used when no other handler matched.

  # Use "default" to catch everything
  eval {
    dangerous_code();
  };
  check $@ => [
    default => sub { say "Error: $_" }
  ];

raise

  raise 'Something went wrong!';
  raise 'MyApp::X::Foo', 'Something went wrong!';

Raise a Mojo::Exception, if the class does not exist yet (classes are checked for a "new" method), one is created as a Mojo::Exception subclass on demand. Note that this function is EXPERIMENTAL and might change without warning!

ATTRIBUTES

Mojo::Exception implements the following attributes.

frames

  my $frames = $e->frames;
  $e         = $e->frames([$frame1, $frame2]);

Stack trace if available.

  # Extract information from the last frame
  my ($package, $filename, $line, $subroutine, $hasargs, $wantarray, $evaltext,
      $is_require, $hints, $bitmask, $hinthash) = @{$e->frames->[-1]};

line

  my $line = $e->line;
  $e       = $e->line([3, 'die;']);

The line where the exception occurred if available.

lines_after

  my $lines = $e->lines_after;
  $e        = $e->lines_after([[4, 'say $foo;'], [5, 'say $bar;']]);

Lines after the line where the exception occurred if available.

lines_before

  my $lines = $e->lines_before;
  $e        = $e->lines_before([[1, 'my $foo = 23;'], [2, 'my $bar = 24;']]);

Lines before the line where the exception occurred if available.

message

  my $msg = $e->message;
  $e      = $e->message('Died at test.pl line 3.');

Exception message, defaults to "Exception!".

verbose

  my $bool = $e->verbose;
  $e       = $e->verbose($bool);

Show more information with "to_string", such as "frames", defaults to the value of the "MOJO_EXCEPTION_VERBOSE" environment variable.

METHODS

Mojo::Exception inherits all methods from Mojo::Base and implements the following new ones.

inspect

  $e = $e->inspect;
  $e = $e->inspect($source1, $source2);

Inspect "message", "frames" and optional additional sources to fill "lines_before", "line" and "lines_after" with context information.

new

  my $e = Mojo::Exception->new;
  my $e = Mojo::Exception->new('Died at test.pl line 3.');

Construct a new Mojo::Exception object and assign "message" if necessary.

to_string

  my $str = $e->to_string;

Render exception. Note that the output format may change as more features are added, only the error message at the beginning is guaranteed not to be modified to allow regex matching.

throw

  Mojo::Exception->throw('Something went wrong!');

Throw exception from the current execution context.

  # Longer version
  die Mojo::Exception->new('Something went wrong!')->trace;

trace

  $e = $e->trace;
  $e = $e->trace($skip);

Generate stack trace and store all "frames", defaults to skipping 1 call frame.

  # Skip 3 call frames
  $e->trace(3);

  # Skip no call frames
  $e->trace(0);

OPERATORS

Mojo::Exception overloads the following operators.

bool

  my $bool = !!$e;

Always true.

stringify

  my $str = "$e";

Alias for "to_string".