NAME

f2c - Convert Fortran 77 to C or C++

SYNOPSIS

f2c [ option ... ] file ...

DESCRIPTION

F2c converts Fortran 77 source code in files with names ending in `.f' or `.F' to C (or C++) source files in the current directory, with `.c' substituted for the final `.f' or `.F'. If no Fortran files are named, f2c reads Fortran from standard input and writes C on standard output. File names that end with `.p' or `.P' are taken to be prototype files, as produced by option `-P', and are read first.

The following options have the same meaning as in f77(1).

-C: Compile code to check that subscripts are within declared array bounds.
-I2: Render INTEGER and LOGICAL as short, INTEGER∗4 as long int. Assume the default libF77 and libI77: allow only INTEGER∗4 (and no LOGICAL) variables in INQUIREs. Option `-I4' confirms the default rendering of INTEGER as long int.
-Idir: Look for a non-absolute include file first in the directory of the current input file, then in directories specified by -I options (one directory per option). Options -I2 and -I4 have precedence, so, e.g., a directory named 2 should be specified by -I./2 .
-onetrip: Compile DO loops that are performed at least once if reached. (Fortran 77 DO loops are not performed at all if the upper limit is smaller than the lower limit.)
-U: Honor the case of variable and external names. Fortran keywords must be in lower case.
-u: Make the default type of a variable `undefined' rather than using the default Fortran rules.
-w: Suppress all warning messages, or, if the option is `-w66', just Fortran 66 compatibility warnings.

The following options are peculiar to f2c.

-A: Produce ANSI C (default, starting 20020621). For old-style C, use option -K.
-a: Make local variables automatic rather than static unless they appear in a DATA, EQUIVALENCE, NAMELIST, or SAVE statement.
-C++: Output C++ code.
-c: Include original Fortran source as comments.
-cd: Do not recognize cdabs, cdcos, cdexp, cdlog, cdsin, and cdsqrt as synonyms for the double complex intrinsics zabs, zcos, zexp, zlog, zsin, and zsqrt, respectively, nor dreal as a synonym for dble.
-ddir: Write `.c' files in directory dir instead of the current directory.
-E: Declare uninitialized COMMON to be Extern (overridably defined in f2c.h as extern).
-ec: Place uninitialized COMMON blocks in separate files: COMMON /ABC/ appears in file abc_com.c. Option `-e1c' bundles the separate files into the output file, with comments that give an unbundling sed(1) script.
-ext: Complain about f77(1) extensions.
-f: Assume free-format input: accept text after column 72 and do not pad fixed-format lines shorter than 72 characters with blanks.
-72: Treat text appearing after column 72 as an error.
-g: Include original Fortran line numbers in #line lines.
-h: Emulate Fortran 66's treatment of Hollerith: try to align character strings on word (or, if the option is `-hd', on double-word) boundaries.
-i2: Similar to -I2, but assume a modified libF77 and libI77 (compiled with -Df2c_i2), so INTEGER and LOGICAL variables may be assigned by INQUIRE and array lengths are stored in short ints.
-i90: Do not recognize the Fortran 90 bit-manipulation intrinsics btest, iand, ibclr, ibits, ibset, ieor, ior, ishft, and ishftc.
-kr: Use temporary values to enforce Fortran expression evaluation where K&R (first edition) parenthesization rules allow rearrangement. If the option is `-krd', use double precision temporaries even for single-precision operands.
-P: Write a file.P of ANSI (or C++) prototypes for definitions in each input file.f or file.F. When reading Fortran from standard input, write prototypes at the beginning of standard output. Option -Ps implies -P and gives exit status 4 if rerunning f2c may change prototypes or declarations.
-p: Supply preprocessor definitions to make common-block members look like local variables.
-R: Do not promote REAL functions and operations to DOUBLE PRECISION. Option `-!R' confirms the default, which imitates f77.
-r: Cast REAL arguments of intrinsic functions and values of REAL functions (including intrinsics) to REAL.
-r8: Promote REAL to DOUBLE PRECISION, COMPLEX to DOUBLE COMPLEX.
-s: Preserve multidimensional subscripts. Suppressed by option `-C' .
-Tdir: Put temporary files in directory dir.
-trapuv: Dynamically initialize local variables, except those appearing in SAVE or DATA statements, with values that may help find references to uninitialized variables. For example, with IEEE arithmetic, initialize local floating-point variables to signaling NaNs.
-w8: Suppress warnings when COMMON or EQUIVALENCE forces odd-word alignment of doubles.
-Wn: Assume n characters/word (default 4) when initializing numeric variables with character data.
-z: Do not implicitly recognize DOUBLE COMPLEX.
-!bs: Do not recognize backslash escapes (\", \', \0, \\, \b, \f, \n, \r, \t, \v) in character strings.
-!c: Inhibit C output, but produce -P output.
-!I: Reject include statements.
-!i8: Disallow INTEGER*8 , or, if the option is `-!i8const', permit INTEGER*8 but do not promote integer constants to INTEGER*8 when they involve more than 32 bits.
-!it: Don't infer types of untyped EXTERNAL procedures from use as parameters to previously defined or prototyped procedures.
-!P: Do not attempt to infer ANSI or C++ prototypes from usage.

The resulting C invokes the support routines of f77; object code should be loaded by f77 or with ld(1) or cc(1) options -lF77 -lI77 -lm. Calling conventions are those of f77: see the reference below.

FILES

file.[fF]: input file
*.c: output file
/usr/include/f2c.h: header file
/usr/lib/libF77.a: intrinsic function library
/usr/lib/libI77.a: Fortran I/O library
/lib/libc.a: C library, see section 3

DIAGNOSTICS

The diagnostics produced by f2c are intended to be self-explanatory.

BUGS