NAME

gensquashfs - generate squashfs images

SYNOPSIS

gensquashfs [OPTIONS] <squashfs-file>

DESCRIPTION

Generate a SquashFS image.

OPTIONS

--pack-file, -F <file>

Use a gen_init_cpio style description file. The file format is specified below. If --pack-dir is used, input file paths are relative to the pack directory, otherwise they are relative to the directory the pack file is in.

--pack-dir, -D <directory>

If --pack-file is used, this is the root path relative to which to read files. If no pack file is specified, pack the contents of the given directory into a SquashFS image. The directory becomes the root of the file system.

--compressor, -c <name>

Select the compressor to use. Run gensquashfs --help to get a list of all available compressors and the default selection.

--comp-extra, -X <options>

A comma separated list of extra options for the selected compressor. Specify help to get a list of available options.

--num-jobs, -j <count>

If libsquashfs was compiled with a built in thread pool based, parallel data compressor, this option can be used to set the number of compressor threads. If not set, the default is the number of available CPU cores.

--queue-backlog, -Q <count>

Maximum number of data blocks in the thread worker queue before the packer starts waiting for the block processors to catch up. Higher values result in higher memory consumption. Defaults to 10 times the number of workers.

--block-size, -b <size>

Block size to use for Squashfs image. Defaults to 131072.

--dev-block-size, -B <size>

Device block size to padd the image to. Defaults to 4096.

--keep-time, -k

When using --pack-dir only, use the timestamps from the input files instead of setting defaults on all input paths. The root inode and the modification time on the SquashFS image itself will still be set to defaults.

--one-file-system, -o

When using --pack-dir only, stay in the local filesystem and do not cross mount points.

--defaults, -d <options>

A comma separated list of default values for implicitly created directories. The following values can be set:

Option	Default
uid=<value>	0
gid=<value>	0
mode=<value>	0755
mtime=<value>	$SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH if set, 0 otherwise

--set-uid, -u <number>

Force the owners user ID for ALL inodes to this value, no matter what the pack file or directory entries actually specify.

--set-gid, -g <number>

Force the owners group ID for ALL inodes to this value, no matter what the pack file or directory entries actually specify.

--all-root

A short hand for `--set-uid 0 --set-gid 0`.

--selinux, -s <file>

If built with SELinux support, use the given SELinux label file to add context labels to the elements packed into the SquashFS image.

--exportable, -e

Generate an export table for NFS support.

--no-tail-packing, -T

Do not perform tail end packing on files that are larger than the specified block size.

--force, -f

Overwrite the output file if it exists.

--quiet, -q

Do not print out progress reports.

--help, -h

Print help text and exit.

--version, -V

Print version information and exit.

INPUT FILE FORMAT

The input file contains a simple, newline separated list that describe the files to be included in the squashfs image:

# a comment
file <path> <mode> <uid> <gid> [<location>]
dir <path> <mode> <uid> <gid>
nod <path> <mode> <uid> <gid> <dev_type> <maj> <min>
slink <path> <mode> <uid> <gid> <target>
link <path> <dummy> <dummy> <dummy> <target>
pipe <path> <mode> <uid> <gid>
sock <path> <mode> <uid> <gid>
glob <path> <mode|*> <uid|*> <gid|*> [OPTIONS...] <location>

<path>	Absolute path of the entry in the image. Can be put in quotes if some components contain spaces.
<location>	Optional location of the input file. Can be specified relative to either the description file or the pack directory. If omitted, the image path is used as a relative path.
<target>	Symlink or hardlink target.
<mode>	Mode/permissions of the entry.
<uid>	Numeric user id.
<gid>	Numeric group id.
<dev_type>	Device type (b=block, c=character).
<maj>	Major number of a device special file.
<min>	Minor number of a device special file.

File Globbing

The glob command requires an input location which is interpreted relative to the pack directory (or the input file if no directory was specified). This location is scanned recursively and the contents are added to the specified virtual path.

The specified mode, uid and gid are applied to all new entries added by the glob. They can alternatively be set to the special value * to use the value from the input directory.

In front of the source location, several additional options can be specified to control the behavior of the glob command:

Option	Description
-type	Followed by a single space and a single, lowercase character describing the inode type to accept. Works similar to the -type option of the find command. Possible values are b (block devices), c (character devices), d (directories), p (named pipes), f (regular files), l (symlinks) and s (sockets). If -type is not used, all are accepted. The first use clamps the selection down to a single type and subsequent uses allow additional types.
-xdev	Do not cross mount points during a recursive glob.
-mount	An alias for -xdev
-keeptime	Use the time stamps from the scanned files.
-nonrecursive	Do not descend into directories. Even if the type argument does not include directories, it is still possible to recursively scan a hierarchy. In that case, the scanning will not add new directory nodes, but still recurse into a directory if a coresponding node already exist in the virtual filesystem tree. So a typicall use case might be to first scan only the directories, and then do several narrower globs to fill them.
-name <pattern>	Only add entries if their name matches a shell glob pattern. If the pattern is supposed to contain spaces, it can be wrapped in quotation marks ("..." or '...').
-path <pattern>	Only add entries if their full resulting path in the SquashFS image matches a shell glob pattern. Slashes in the path are only matched against slashes in the pattern and will never match a wild card character or a bracket expression containing a slash. The path is normalized, so it won't have a leading or trailing slash.

Any other, unknown string starting with - will be rejected as unknown option. If the input path starts with -, the sequence -- can be used to stop argument parsing, similar to many command line tools.

Example

# A simple squashfs image
dir /dev 0755 0 0
nod /dev/console 0600 0 0 c 5 1
dir /root 0700 0 0
dir /sbin 0755 0 0
# Add a file. Input is relative to pack dir or listing path
file /sbin/init 0755 0 0 ../init/sbin/init
# Read from ./bin/bash relative to pack dir or listing path
# /bin is created implicitly with default attributes.
file /bin/bash 0755 0 0
# file name with a space in it and a "special" name
file "/opt/my app/\"special\"/data" 0600 0 0
# collect the contents of ./lib and put it under /usr/lib
# mode and uid/gid are explictly set. First we collect the directory tree,
# then all so files, then all symlinks that don't end in ".so"
glob /usr/lib 0755 0 0 -type d ./lib
glob /usr/lib 0755 0 0 -type f -name "*.so.*" ./lib
glob /usr/lib 0777 0 0 -type l -name "*.so.*" ./lib

ENVIRONMENT

If the command line switch --defaults is not used or no default mtime is specified, the value of the environment variable SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH is used for all file and filesystem timestamps.

If SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH is not set, not a parsable number or it is out of range, the timestamps default to 0.

Environment variables are only used if no explicit command line switches are set. Explicit command line switches are always preferred over the environment variables.

AUTHOR

Written by David Oberhollenzer.

COPYRIGHT

Copyright © 2019 David Oberhollenzer License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.