NAME

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

OPTIONS

-1

Output is formatted such that each entry appears on a single line. This is the default when stdout is not a terminal.

-a

All files and directories are shown, including "invisible" files, as would be perceived by the Macintosh Finder. Normally invisible files are omitted from directory listings.

-b

Special characters are displayed in an escaped backslash notation. Normally special or non-printable characters in filenames are replaced by a question mark (?).

-c

Sort and display entries by their creation date, rather than their modification date.

-d

List directory entries themselves rather than their contents. Normally the contents are shown for named directories on the command-line.

-f

Do not sort directory contents; list them in the order they appear in the directory. This option effectively enables -a and -U and disables -l, -s, and -t.

-i

Show the catalog IDs for each entry. Every file and directory on an HFS volume has a unique catalog ID.

-l

Display entries in long format. This format shows the entry type ("d" for directory or "f" for file), flags ("i" for invisible), file type and creator (four-character strings for files only), size (number of directory sub-contents or file resource and data bytes, respectively), date of last modification (or creation, with -c flag), and pathname. Macintosh "locked" files are indicated by "F" in place of "f".

-m

Display entries in a continuous format separated by commas.

-q

Replace special and non-printable characters in displayed filenames with question marks (?). This is the default when stdout is connected to a terminal.

-r

Sort entries in reverse order before displaying.

-s

Show the file size for each entry in 1K block units. The size includes blocks used for both data and resource forks.

-t

Sort and display entries by time. Normally files will be sorted by name. This option uses the last modification date to sort unless -c is also specified.

-x

Display entries in column format like -C, but sorted horizontally into rows rather than columns.

-w width

Format output lines suitable for display in the given width. Normally the width will be determined from your terminal, from the environment variable COLUMNS, or from a default value of 80.

-C

Display entries in column format with entries sorted vertically. This is the default output format when stdout is connected to a terminal.

-F

Cause certain output filenames to be followed by a single-character flag indicating the nature of the entry; directories are followed by a colon (:) and executable Macintosh applications are followed by an asterisk (*).

-N

Cause all filenames to be output verbatim without any escaping or question-mark substitution.

-Q

Cause all filenames to be enclosed within double-quotes (") and special/non-printable characters to be properly escaped.

-R

For each directory that is encountered in a listing, recursively descend into and display its contents.

-S

Sort and display entries by size. For files, the combined resource and data lengths are used to compute a file's size.

-U

Do not sort directory contents; list them in the order they appear in the directory. On HFS volumes, this is usually an alphabetical case-insensitive ordering, although there are some idiosyncrasies to the Macintosh implementation of ordering. This option does not affect -a, -l, or -s.

SEE ALSO

FILES

AUTHOR