NAME

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Magic uses two windows: one for text and a separate window for displaying layouts. Magic runs under the window system X11 (use under Cygwin requires the presence of an X11 server in Windows; the server that comes packaged with Cygwin works well). The command line switch "-d" can be used to tell Magic which kind of display you are running. Specifically, this is useful to tell magic to use OpenGL graphics instead of plain X11 ("-d OGL"), or to use 24 bit plane graphics instead of 8 bit planes ("-d 24BITS") if both are available on a video card with overlay support.

Here are the options accepted by Magic:

-T

The next argument is the name of a technology. The tile types, display information, and design rules for this technology are read by Magic from a technology file when it starts up. The technology defaults to ``scmos''.

-d

The next argument is the type of workstation or graphics display being used. Magic supports these types:

When Magic starts up it looks for a command file in ${CAD_ROOT}/magic/sys/.magicrc and processes it if it exists. Then Magic looks for a file with the name ``.magicrc'' in the home directory and processes it if it exists. Finally, Magic looks for a .magicrc file in the current directory and reads it as a command file if it exists. The .magicrc file format is described under the source command. If magic is compiled with Tcl/Tk support, then any magic or Tcl/Tk commands may be used inside the startup file. The startup file name was changed to ".magicrc" to avoid conflicts with a common system file named ".magic". However, the name ".magic" will be searched after ".magicrc" for backward compatibility.

COMMANDS -- GENERAL INFORMATION

You can enter long commands in the terminal console at the console prompt, or from the layout window by typing a : or ; key, which are the two other reserved macros meaning "switch keyboard focus to the console window". After typing the : or ; key, type the text of the command, which will be written to the terminal window. Multiple commands may be specified on one line by separating them with semicolons.

Most commands deal with the window underneath the cursor, so if a command doesn't do what you expect make sure that you are pointing to the correct place on the screen. There are several different kinds of windows in Magic (layout, color, and netlist); each window has a different command set, described in a separate section below.

MOUSE BUTTONS FOR LAYOUT WINDOWS

Box Tool

This is the default tool, and is indicated by a crosshair cursor. It is used to position the box and to paint and erase:

Wiring Tool

The wiring tool, indicated by an arrow cursor, is used to provide an efficient interface to the wiring commands:

Netlist Tool

This tool is used to edit netlists interactively. It is indicated by a thick box cursor.

Rsim Tool

Used when running the IRSIM simulator under Magic. A pointing hand is used as the cursor.

LONG COMMANDS FOR LAYOUT WINDOWS

addpath searchpath

Add more directories to the end of Magic's cell search path. See the documentation for the path command for an explanation of the search path.

array xsize ysize

Make many copies of the selection. There will be xsize instances in the x-direction and ysize instances in the y-direction. Paint and labels are arrayed by copying them. Subcells are not copied, but instead each instance is turned into an array instance with elements numbered from 0 to xsize-1 in the x-direction, and from 0 to ysize-1 in the y-direction. The spacing between elements of the array is determined by the box x- and y-dimensions.

array xlo ylo xhi yhi

Identical to the form of array above, except that the elements of arrayed cells are numbered left-to-right from xlo to xhi and bottom-to-top from ylo to yhi. It is legal for xlo to be greater than xhi, and also for ylo to be greater than yhi.

box [args]

Used to change the size of the box or to find out its size. There are several sorts of arguments that may be given to this command:

calma [option] [args]

This command is used to read and write files in Calma GDS II Stream format (version 3.0, corresponding to GDS II Release 5.1). This format is like CIF, in that it describes physical mask layers instead of Magic layers. In fact, the technology file specifies a correspondence between CIF and Calma layers. The current CIF output style (see cif ostyle) controls how Calma stream layers are generated from Magic layers. If no arguments are given, the calma command generates a Calma stream file for the layout in the window beneath the cursor in file.strm, where file is the name of the root cell. This stream file describes the entire cell hierarchy in the window. The name of the library is the same as the name of the root cell. Option and args may be used to invoke one of several additional operations:

channels

This command will run just the channel decomposition part of the Magic router, deriving channels for the area under the box. The channels will be displayed as outlined feedback areas over the edit cell.

cif [option] [args]

Read or write files in Caltech Intermediate Form (CIF). If no arguments are given, this command generates a CIF file for the window beneath the cursor in file.cif, where file is the name of the root cell. The CIF file describes the entire cell hierarchy in the window. Option and args may be used to invoke one of several additional CIF operations:

clockwise [degrees]

Rotate the selection by 90, 180 or 270 degrees. After the rotation, the lower-left corner of the selection's bounding box will be in the same place as the lower-left corner of the bounding box before the rotation. Degrees defaults to 90. If the box is in the same window as the selection, it is rotated too. Only material in the edit cell is affected.

copy [direction [amount]]

copy to x y

If no arguments are given, a copy of the selection is picking up at the point lying underneath the box lower-left corner, and placed so that this point lies at the cursor position. If direction is given, it must be a Manhattan direction (e.g. north, see the ``DIRECTIONS'' section below). The copy of the selection is moved in that direction by amount. If the box is in the same window as the selection, it is moved too. Amount defaults to 1. The second form of the command behaves as though the cursor were pointing to (x, y) in the edit cell; a copy of the selection is picked up by the point beneath the lower-left corner of the box and placed so that this point lies at (x, y).

corner direction1 direction2 [layers]

This command is similar to fill, except that it generates L-shaped wires that travel across the box first in direction1 and then in direction2. For example, corner north east finds all paint under the bottom edge of the box and extends it up to the top of the box and then across to the right side of the box, generating neat corners at the top of the box. The box should be at least as tall as it is wide for this command to work correctly. Direction1 and direction2 must be Manhattan directions (see the section DIRECTIONS below) and must be orthogonal to each other. If layers is specified then only those layers are used; otherwise all layers are considered.

delete

Delete all the information in the current selection that is in the edit cell. When cells are deleted, only the selected use(s) of the cell is (are) deleted: other uses of the cell remain intact, as does the disk file containing the cell. Selected material outside the edit cell is not deleted.

drc option [args]

This command is used to interact with the design rule checker. Option and args (if needed) are used to invoke a drc command in one of the following ways:

dump cellName [child refPointC] [parent refPointP]

Copy the contents of cell cellName into the edit cell so that refPointC in the child is positioned at point refPointP in the edit cell. The reference points can either be the name of a label, in which case the lower-left corner of the label's box is used as the reference point, or as a pair of numbers giving the (x, y) coordinates of a point explicitly. If refPointC is not specified, the lower-left corner of cellName cell is used. If refPointP is not specified, the lower-left corner of the box tool is used (the box must be in a window on the edit cell). After this command completes, the new information is selected.

edit

Make the selected cell the edit cell, and edit it in context. The edit cell is normally displayed in brighter colors than other cells (see the see command to change this). If more than one cell is selected, or if the selected cell is an array, the cursor position is used to select one of those cells as the new edit cell. Generally, Magic commands modify only the current edit cell.

erase [layers]

For the area enclosed by the box, erase all paint in layers. (See the ``LAYERS'' section for the syntax of layer lists). If layers is omitted it defaults to *,labels. See your technology manual, or use the layers command, to find out about the available layer names.

expand [toggle]

If the keyword toggle is supplied, all of the selected cells that are unexpanded are expanded, and all of the selected cells that are expanded are unexpanded. If toggle isn't specified, then all of the cells underneath the box are expanded recursively until there is nothing but paint under the box.

extract option [args]

Extract a layout, producing one or more hierarchical .ext files that describe the electrical circuit implemented by the layout. The current extraction style (see extract style below) determines the parameters for parasitic resistance, capacitance, etc. that will be used. The extract command with no parameters checks timestamps and re-extracts as needed to bring all .ext files up-to-date for the cell in the window beneath the crosshair, and all cells beneath it. Magic displays any errors encountered during circuit extraction using stippled feedback areas over the area of the error, along with a message describing the type of error. Option and args are used in the following ways:

extresist [cell [threshold] ]

Postprocessor for improving on the resistance calculation performed by the circuit extractor. To use this command, you first have to extract the design rooted at cell with :extract cell, and then flatten the design using ext2sim(1), producing the files cell.sim and cell.nodes. Then run :extresist cell to produce a file, cell.res.ext, containing differences between the network described by the .ext files produced the first time around, and a new network that incorporates explicit two-point resistors where appropriate (see below). This file may be appended to cell.ext, and then ext2simrun for a second time, to produce a new network with explicit resistors. The threshold parameter is used to control which nodes are turned into resistor networks: any node whose total resistance exceeds threshold times the smallest on-resistance of any transistor connected to that node will be approximated as a resistor network.

feedback option [args]

Examine feedback information that is created by several of the Magic commands to report problems or highlight certain things for users. Option and args are used in the following ways:

fill direction [layers]

Direction is a Manhattan direction (see the section DIRECTIONS below). The paint visible under one edge of the box is sampled. Everywhere that the edge touches paint, the paint is extended in the given direction to the opposite side of the box. For example, if direction is north, then paint is sampled under the bottom edge of the box and extended to the top edge. If layers is specified, then only the given layers are considered; if layers isn't specified, then all layers are considered.

findbox [zoom]

Center the view on the box. If the optional zoom argument is present, zoom into the area specified by the box. This command will complain if the box is not in the window you are pointing to.

flush [cellname]

Cell cellname is reloaded from disk. All changes made to the cell since it was last saved are discarded. If cellname is not given, the edit cell is flushed.

garoute option [args]

This command, with no option or arg, is like the route command: it generates routing in the edit cell to make connections specified in the current netlist. (See the route command for further information). Unlike the route command, this command is intended to be used for routing types of circuits, such as gate-arrays, whose routing channels can be determined in advance, and which require the ability to river-route across the tops of cells. The channels must have been predefined using garoute channel commands prior to this command being invoked. Unlike the route command, where the box indicates the routing area, this command ignores the box entirely. The new wires are placed in the edit cell. The netlist used is that selected by the route netlist command, or the current netlist being edited in a netlist window if no route netlist command has been given. Options and args have the following effects:

getcell cellName [child refPointC] [parent refPointP]

This command adds a child cell instance to the edit cell. The instance refers to the cell cellName; it is positioned so that refPointC in the child is at point refPointP in the edit cell. The reference points can either be the name of a label, in which case the lower-left corner of the label's box is used as the reference point, or as a pair of numbers giving the (x, y) coordinates of a point explicitly. If refPointC is not specified, the lower-left corner of cellName cell is used. If refPointP is not specified, the lower-left corner of the box tool is used (the box must be in a window on the edit cell). The new subcell is selected. The difference between this command and dump is that dump copies the contents of the cell, while getcell simply makes a reference to the original cell. Cellname must not be the edit cell or one of its ancestors.

getnode [alias on | alias off]

getnode [abort [str]]

Getnode prints out the node names (used by the extractor) for all selected paint. If aliasing turned on, getnode prints all the names it finds for a given node. It may not print every name that exists, however. When turned off, it just prints one name. The abort option allows the user to tell getnode that it is not important to completely search nodes that have certain names. For example, getnode abort Vdd will tell getnode not to continue searching the node if it determines that one of its names is Vdd. A getnode abort, without a string argument, will erase the list of names previously created by calling getnode abort with string arguments. Getnode can be safely aborted at any time by typing the interrupt character, usually ^C. See Tutorial #11: Using IRSIM and RSIM with Magic for more information on this command.

grid [xSpacing [ySpacing [xOrigin yOrigin]]]

grid off

If no arguments are given, a one-unit grid is toggled on or off in the window underneath the cursor. Grid off always turns the grid off, regardless of whether it was on or off previously. If numerical arguments are given, the arguments determine the grid spacing and origin for the window under the cursor. In its most general form, grid takes four integer arguments. XOrigin and yOrigin specify an origin for the grid: horizontal and vertical grid lines will pass through this point. XSpacing and ySpacing determine the number of units between adjacent grid lines. If xOrigin and yOrigin are omitted, they default to 0. If ySpacing is also omitted, the xSpacing value is used for both spacings. Grid parameters will be retained for a window until explicitly changed by another grid command. When the grid is displayed, a solid box is drawn to show the origin of the edit cell.

identify instance_id

Set the instance identifier of the selected cell use to instance_id. Instance_id must be unique among all instance identifiers in the parent of the selected cell. Initially, Magic guarantees uniqueness of identifiers by giving each cell an initial identifier consisting of the cell definition name followed by an underscore and a small integer.

iroute subcommand [args]

This command provides an interactive interface to the Magic maze-router. Routing is done one connection at a time. Three internal hint layers, magnet, fence, and rotate, allow the user to guide routing graphically. Routes are chosen close to magnets (if possible), routing does not cross fence boundaries, and rotate areas reverse the preferred routing directions for each layer. The maze-router seeks to find a lowest-cost path. Parameters specifying costs for horizontal and vertical routing on each layer, cost for jogs and contacts, and cost (per unit area) for distance between a path and magnets, help determine the nature of the routes. Several search parameters permit tuning to achieve acceptable routes in as short a time as possible. Routing can always be interrupted with ^C. The iroute subcommands are as follows:

label string [pos [layer]]

A label with text string is positioned at the box location. Labels may cover points, lines, or areas, and are associated with specific layers. Normally the box is collapsed to either a point or to a line (when labeling terminals on the edges of cells). Normally also, the area under the box is occupied by a single layer. If no layer argument is specified, then the label is attached to the layer under the box, or space if no layer covers the entire area of the box. If layer is specified but layer doesn't cover the entire area of the box, the label will be moved to another layer or space. Labels attached to space will be considered by CIF processing programs to be attached to all layers overlapping the area of the label. Pos is optional, and specifies where the label text is to be displayed relative to the box (e.g. ``north''). If pos isn't given, Magic will pick a position to ensure that the label text doesn't stick out past the edge of the cell.

layers

Prints out the names of all the layers defined for the current technology.

load [file]

Load the cell hierarchy rooted at file.mag into the window underneath the cursor. If no file is supplied, a new unnamed cell is created. The root cell of the hierarchy is made the edit cell unless there is already an edit cell in a different window.

move [direction [amount]]

move to x y

If no arguments are given, the selection is picked up by the point underneath the lower-left corner of the box and moved so that this point lies at the cursor location. If direction is given, it must be a Manhattan direction (e.g. north). The selection is moved in that direction by amount. If the box is in the same window as the selection, it is moved too. Amount defaults to 1. Selected material that is not in the edit cell, is not affected. The second form of the command is as though the cursor were pointing to (x, y) in the edit cell; the selection is picked up by the point beneath the lower-left corner of the box and moved so that this point lies at (x, y).

paint layers

The area underneath the box is painted in layers.

path [searchpath]

This command tells Magic where to look for cells. Searchpath contains a list of directories separated by colons or spaces (if spaces are used, then searchpath must be surrounded by quotes). When looking for a cell, Magic will check each directory in the path in order, until the cell is found. If the cell is not found anywhere in the path, Magic will look in the system library for it. If the path command is invoked with no arguments, the current search path is printed.

plot option [args]

Used to generate hardcopy plots direct from Magic. Options and args are used in the following ways:

plow direction [layers]

plow option [args]

The first form of this command invokes the plowing operation to stretch and/or compact a cell. Direction is a Manhattan direction. Layers is an optional collection of mask layers, which defaults to *. One of the edges of the box is treated as a plow and dragged to the opposite edge of the box (e.g. the left edge is used as the plow when plow right is invoked). All edges on layers that lie in the plow's path are pushed ahead of it, and they push other edges ahead of them to maintain design rules, connectivity, and transistor and contact sizes. Subcells are moved in their entirety without being modified internally. Any mask information overlapping a subcell moved by plowing is also moved by the same amount. Option and args are used in the following ways:

resist cell [tolerance]

This command is similar to extresist above, but used for extracting resistance networks for individual nodes. Only the node underneath the box is processed. The network for this node is output to the file cell.res.ext. See the description for extresist for an explanation of tolerance.

route option [args]

This command, with no option or arg, is used to generate routing using the Magic router in the edit cell to make connections specified in the current netlist. The box is used to indicate the routing area: no routing will be placed outside the area of the box. The new wires are placed in the edit cell. Options and args have the following effects:

rsim [options] [filename]

Runs rsim under Magic. See Tutorial #11: Using IRSIM and RSIM with Magic for more information on what options and files are required by rsim. Normally, IRSIM requires a parameter file for the technology and a .sim file describing the circuit.

The rsim command without any options can be used to interact with a previously-started rsim. Type rsim and you will see the rsim prompt. To get back to magic, type q.

save [name]

Save the edit cell on disk. If the edit cell is currently the ``(UNNAMED)'' cell, name must be specified; in this case the edit cell is renamed to name as well as being saved in the file name.mag. Otherwise, name is optional. If specified, the edit cell is saved in the file name.mag; otherwise, it is saved in the file from which it was originally read.

see option

This command is used to control which layers are to be displayed in the window under the cursor. It has several forms:

select option

This command is used to select paint, labels, and subcells before operating on them with commands like move and copy and delete. It has several forms:

sideways

Flip the selection left-to-right about a vertical axis running through the center of the selection's area. If the box is in the same window as the selection, it is flipped too. Selected material not in the edit cell is not affected.

simcmd cmd

Sends the command cmd to rsim for execution. See Tutorial #11: Using IRSIM and RSIM with Magic for more information.

snap [on]

snap [off]

Control whether the box and point are snapped to the grid selected for the windows in which they appear (the grid was set by the grid command), or to the standard 1x1 grid. The default is for snapping to be off, i.e., snapping to a 1x1 grid. With no arguments, snap prints whether snapping is enabled or not.

startrsim [options] [filename]

Similar to the rsim command, except it returns to Magic as soon as rsim is started. See Tutorial #11: Using IRSIM and RSIM with Magic for more information.

straighten direction

Straighten jogs in wires underneath the box by pulling them in direction. Jogs are only straightened if doing so will cause no additional geometry to move.

stretch [direction [amount]]

This command is identical to move except that simple stretching occurs as the selection is moved. Each piece of paint in the selection causes the area through which it's moved to be erased in that layer. Also, each piece of paint in the selection that touches unselected material along its back side causes extra material to be painted to fill in the gap left by the move. If direction isn't given and the cursor isn't exactly left, right, up, or down from the box corner, then Magic first rounds the cursor position off to a position that is one of those (whichever is closest).

tool [name | info]

Change the current tool. The result is that the cursor shape is different and the mouse buttons mean different things. The command tool info prints out the meanings of the buttons for the current tool. Tool name changes the current tool to name, where name is one of box, wiring, or netlist. If tool is invoked with no arguments, it picks a new tool in circular sequence: multiple invocations will cycle through all of the available tools.

unexpand

Unexpand all cells that touch the box but don't completely contain it.

upsidedown

Flip the selection upside down about a horizontal axis running through the center of the selection's area. If the box is in the same window as the selection then it is flipped too. Selected material that is not in the edit cell is not changed.

what

Print out information about all the things that are selected.

wire option [args]

This command provides a centerline-wiring style user interface. Option and args specify a particular wiring option, as described below. Some of the options can be invoked via mouse buttons when the wiring tool is active.

writeall [force]

This command steps through all the cells that have been modified in this edit session and gives you a chance to write them out. If the force option is specified, then ``autowrite'' mode is used: all modified cells are automatically written without asking for permission.

COMMANDS FOR ALL WINDOWS

closewindow

The window under the cursor is closed. That area of the screen will now show other windows or the background.

echo [-n] str1 str2 ... strN

Prints str1 str2 ... strN in the text window, separated by spaces and followed by a newline. If the -n switch is given, no newline is output after the command.

help [pattern]

Displays a synopsis of commands that apply to the window you are pointing to. If pattern is given then only command descriptions containing the pattern are printed. Pattern may contain '*' and '?' characters, which match a string of non-blank characters or a single non-blank character (respectively).

logcommands [file [update]]]

If file is given, all further commands are logged to that file. If no arguments are given, command logging is terminated. If the keyword update is present, commands are output to the file to cause the screen to be updated after each command when the command file is read back in.

macro [char [command]]

Command is associated with char such that typing char on the keyboard is equivalent to typing ``:'' followed by command. If command is omitted, the current macro for char is printed. If char is also omitted, then all current macros are printed. If command contains spaces, tabs, or semicolons then it must be placed in quotes. The semicolon acts as a command separator allowing multiple commands to be combined in a single macro.

openwindow [cell]

Open a new, empty window at the cursor position. Placement, sizing, and methods of manipulation are determined by the conventions of the window system in use. If cell is specified, then that cell is displayed in the new window. Otherwise the area of the box will be displayed in the new window.

pushbutton button action

Simulates a button push. Button should be left, middle, or right. Action is one of up, or down. This command is normally invoked only from command scripts produced by the logcommands command.

quit

Exit Magic and return to the shell. If any cells, colormaps, or netlists have changed since they were last saved on disk, you are given a chance to abort the command and continue in Magic.

redo [n]

Redo the last n commands that were undone using undo (see below). The number of commands to redo defaults to 1 if n is not specified.

redraw

Redraw the graphics screen.

scroll direction [amount]

The window under the cursor is moved by amount screenfulls in direction relative to the circuit. If amount is omitted, it defaults to 0.5.

send type command

Send a command to the window client named by type. The result is just as if command had been typed in a window of type type. See specialopen, below, for the allowable types of windows.

setpoint [x y [windowID]]

Fakes the location of the cursor up until after the next interactive command. Without arguments, just prints out the current point location. This command is normally invoked only from command scripts.

If windowID is given, then the point is assumed to be in that window's screen coordinate system rather than absolute screen coordinates.

sleep n

Causes Magic to go to sleep for n seconds.

source filename

Each line of filename is read and processed as one command. Any line whose last character is backslash is joined to the following line. The commands setpoint, pushbutton, echo, sleep, and updatedisplay are useful in command files, and seldom used elsewhere.

specialopen [x1 y1 x2 y2] type [args]

Open a window of type type. If the optional x1 y1 x2 y2 coordinates are given, then the new window will have its lower left corner at screen coordinates (x1, y1) and its upper right corner at screen coordinates (x2, y2). The args arguments are interpreted differently depending upon the type of the window. These types are known:

underneath

Move the window pointed at so that it lies underneath the rest of the windows.

undo [count]

Undoes the last count commands. Almost all commands in Magic are now undo-able. The only holdouts left are cell expansion/unexpansion, and window modifications (change of size, zooming, etc.). If count is unspecified, it defaults to 1.

updatedisplay

Update the display. This command is normally invoked only from command scripts. Scripts that do not contain this command update the screen only at the end of the script.

view

Choose a view for the window underneath the cursor so that everything in the window is visible.

windscrollbars [on|off]

Set the flag that determines if new windows will have scroll bars.

windowpositions [file]

Write out the positions of the windows in a format suitable for the source command. If file is specified, then write it out to that file instead of to the terminal.

zoom [factor]

Zoom the view in the window underneath the cursor by factor. If factor is less than 1, we zoom in; if it is greater than one, we zoom out.

MOUSE BUTTONS FOR NETLIST WINDOWS

COMMANDS FOR NETLIST WINDOWS

add term1 term2

Add the terminal named term1 to the net containing terminal term2. If term2 isn't in a net yet, make a new net containing just term1 and term2.

cleanup

Check the netlist to make sure that for every terminal named in the list there is at least one label in the design. Also check to make sure that every net contains at least two distinct terminals, or one terminal with several labels by the same name. When errors are found, give the user an opportunity to delete offending terminals and nets. This command can also be invoked by clicking the ``Cleanup'' menu button.

cull

Examine the current netlist and the routing in the edit cell, and remove those nets from the netlist that are already routed. This command is often used after pre-routing nets by hand, so the router won't try to implement them again.

dnet name name ...

For each name given, delete the net containing that terminal. If no name is given, delete the currently-selected net, just as happens when the ``No Net'' menu button is clicked.

dterm name name ...

For each name given, delete that terminal from its net.

extract

Pick a piece of paint in the edit cell that lies under the box. Starting from this, trace out all the electrically-connected material in the edit cell. Where this material touches subcells, find any terminals in the subcells and make a new net containing those terminals. Note: this is a different command from the extract command in layout windows.

find pattern [layers]

Search the area beneath the box for labels matching pattern, which may contain the regular-expression characters ``*'' ``?'', ``['', ``]'', and ``\'' (as matched by csh(1); see the description of the find button in ``Magic Tutorial #7: Netlists and Routing''). For each label found, leave feedback whose text is the layer on which the label appears, followed by a semicolon, followed by the full hierarchical pathname of the label. The feedback surrounds the area of the label by one unit on all sides. (The reason for the one-unit extension is that feedback rectangles must have positive area, while labels may have zero width or height). If layers are given, only labels attached to those layers are considered.

flush [netlist]

The netlist named netlist is reloaded from the disk file netlist .net. Any changes made to the netlist since the last time it was written are discarded. If netlist isn't given, the current netlist is flushed.

join term1 term2

Join together the nets containing terminals term1 and term2. The result is a single net containing all the terminals from both the old nets.

netlist [name]

Select a netlist to work on. If name is provided, read name.net (if it hasn't already been read before) and make it the current netlist. If name isn't provided, use the name of the edit cell instead.

print [name]

Print the names of all the terminals in the net containing name. If name isn't provided, print the terminals in the current net. This command has the same effect as clicking on the ``Print'' menu button.

ripup [netlist]

This command has two forms. If netlist isn't typed as an argument, then find a piece of paint in the edit cell under the box. Trace out all paint in the edit cell that is electrically connected to the starting piece, and delete all of this paint. If netlist is typed, find all paint in the edit cell that is electrically connected to any of the terminals in the current netlist, and delete all of this paint.

savenetlist [file]

Save the current netlist on disk. If file is given, write the netlist in file.net. Otherwise, write the netlist back to the place from which it was read.

shownet

Find a piece of paint in any cell underneath the box. Starting from this paint, trace out all paint in all cells that is electrically connected to the starting piece and highlight this paint on the screen. To make the highlights go away, invoke the command with the box over empty space. This command has the same effect as clicking on the ``Show'' menu button.

showterms

Find the labels corresponding to each of the terminals in the current netlist, and generate a feedback area over each. This command has the same effect as clicking on the ``Terms'' menu button.

trace [name]

This command is similar to shownet except that instead of starting from a piece of paint under the box, it starts from each of the terminals in the net containing name (or the current net if no name is given). All connected paint in all cells is highlighted.

verify

Compare the current netlist against the wiring in the edit cell to make sure that the nets are implemented exactly as specified in the netlist. If there are discrepancies, feedback areas are created to describe them. This command can also be invoked by clicking the ``Verify'' menu button.

writeall

Scan through all the netlists that have been read during this editing session. If any have been modified, ask the user whether or not to write them out.

MOUSE BUTTONS FOR COLORMAP WINDOWS

The value of a color is changed by pointing inside the region spanned by one of the color bars and clicking any mouse button. The color bar will change so that it extends to the point selected by the crosshair when the button was pressed. The color can also be changed by clicking a button over one of the ``pumps'' next to a color bar. A left-button click makes a 1% increment or decrement, and a right-button click makes a 5% change.

The color being edited can be changed by pressing the left button over the current color box in the editing window, then moving the mouse and releasing the button over a point on the screen that contains the color to be edited. A color value can be copied from an existing color to the current color by pressing the right mouse button over the current color box, then releasing the button when the cursor is over the color whose value is to be copied into the current color.

COMMANDS FOR COLORMAP WINDOWS

color [number]

Load number as the color being edited in the window. Number must be an octal number between 0 and 377; it corresponds to the entry in the color map that is to be edited. If no number is given, this command prints out the value of the color currently being edited.

load [techStyle displayStyle monitorType]

Load a new color map. If no arguments are specified, the color map for the current technology style (e.g, mos), display style (e.g, 7bit), and monitor type (e.g, std) is re-loaded. Otherwise, the color map is read from the file techStyle.displayStyle.monitorType.cmap in the current directory or in the system library directory.

save [techStyle displayStyle monitorType]

Save the current color map. If no arguments are specified, save the color map in a file determined by the current technology style, display style, and monitor type as above. Otherwise, save it in the file techStyle.displayStyle.monitorType.cmap in the current directory or in the system library directory.

DIRECTIONS

LAYERS

*

All mask layers. Does not include special layers like the label layer and the error layer (see below).

$

All layers underneath the cursor.

errors

Design-rule violations (useful primarily in the see command).

labels

Label layer.

subcell

Subcell layer.

Layer masks may be formed by constructing comma-separated lists of individual layer names. The individual layer names may be abbreviated, as long as the abbreviations are unique. For example, to indicate polysilicon and n-diffusion, use poly,ndiff or ndiff,poly. The special character - causes all subsequent layers to be subtracted from the layer mask. For example, *-p means ``all layers but polysilicon''. The special character + reverses the effect of a previous -; all subsequent layers are once again added to the layer mask.

SEE ALSO

Online documentation can be found at the following URLs:
http://opencircuitdesign.com/magic/
http://vlsi.cornell.edu/magic/
The OpenCircuitDesign website contains HTML versions of all the documentation found in the Magic "doc" subdirectory, including tutorials, technology file manual; download, compile and install instructions, and command reference.

FILES

${CAD_ROOT}/magic/sys/.magic	startup file to create default macros


~/.magic		user-specific startup command file


${CAD_ROOT}/magic/nmos/*	some standard nmos cells


${CAD_ROOT}/magic/scmos/*	some standard scmos cells


${CAD_ROOT}/magic/sys/*.cmap	colormap files, see CMAP(5) man page


${CAD_ROOT}/magic/sys/*.dstyle	display style files, see DSTYLE(5) man page


${CAD_ROOT}/magic/sys/*.glyphs	cursor and window bitmap files, see GLYPH(5) man page


${CAD_ROOT}/magic/sys/*.tech	technology files, see ``Maintainer's Manual
		#2: The Technology File''


${CAD_ROOT}/displays	configuration file for Magic serial-line displays

CAD_ROOT variable. If the shell environment variable CAD_ROOT is set, Magic uses that location instead of the installed location (/usr/local/lib, by default). Normally one would change the search path (see below) rather than redirect the entire CAD_ROOT location.

Search path. Magic's system and library files, such as technology files and display-style files, normally are placed in the ${CAD_ROOT}/magic area. However, Magic first tries to find them in the user's current directory. This makes it easier for an individual user to override installed system files. The search path is defined by the Magic command path,

AUTHORS

Contributors: Michael Arnold (Magic maze-router and Irouter command), Don Stark (new contact scheme, X11 interface, various other things), Mike Chow (Rsim interface). The X11 driver is the work of several people, including Don Stark, Walter Scott, and Doug Pan.

Developers: Ongoing development (magic version 6.5 and higher) made possible by Stefanos Sidiropolous, Tim Edwards, Rajit Manohar, Philippe Pouliquen, Michael Godfrey, and others.

Many other people have contributed to Magic, but it is impossible to list them all here. We appreciate their help!

BUGS

Report bugs to magic-dev@csl.cornell.edu. Please be specific: tell us exactly what you did to cause the problem, what you expected to happen, and what happened instead. If possible send along small files that we can use to reproduce the bug. A list of known bugs and fixes is also available from the above address. Tell us which version of magic you are running.