NAME

tpm2_import(1) - Imports an external key into the tpm as a TPM managed key object.

SYNOPSIS

tpm2_import [OPTIONS]

DESCRIPTION

tpm2_import(1) - Imports an external generated key as TPM managed key object. It requires that the parent key object be a RSA key. Can also import a TPM managed key object created by the tpm2_duplicate tool.

OPTIONS

These options control the key importation process:

•: -G, --key-algorithm=ALGORITHM:

The algorithm used by the key to be imported. Supports:

•: aes - AES 128, 192 or 256 key.
•: rsa - RSA 1024 or 2048 key.
•: ecc - ECC NIST P192, P224, P256, P384 or P521 public and private key.
•: hmac - HMAC key.

•: -g, --hash-algorithm=ALGORITHM:

The hash algorithm for generating the objects name. This is optional and defaults to sha256 when not specified. Algorithms should follow the “formatting standards”, see section “Algorithm Specifiers”. Also, see section “Supported Hash Algorithms” for a list of supported hash algorithms.

•: -i, --input=FILE:

Specifies the filename of the key to be imported. For AES keys, this file is the raw key bytes. For assymetric keys in PEM or DER format. A typical file is generated with openssl genrsa.

•: -C, --parent-context=OBJECT:

The parent key object.

•: -U, --parent-public=FILE:

Optional. Specifies the parent key public data file input. This can be read with tpm2_readpublic(1) tool. If not specified, the tool invokes a tpm2_readpublic on the parent object.

•: -k, --encryption-key=FILE:

Optional. Specifies the file containing the symmetric algorithm key that was used for the inner wrapper. If the file is specified the tool assumes the algorithm is AES 128 in CFB mode otherwise none.

•: -r, --private=FILE:

Specifies the file path required to save the encrypted private portion of the object imported as key.

When importing a duplicated object this option specifies the file containing the private portion of the object to be imported. # Protection Details

Objects that can move outside of TPM need to be protected (confidentiality and integrity). For instance, transient objects require that TPM protected data (key or seal material) be stored outside of the TPM. This is seen in tools like tpm2_create(1), where the -r option outputs this protected data. This blob contains the sensitive portions of the object. The sensitive portions of the object are protected by the parent object, using the parent’s symmetric encryption details to encrypt the sensitive data and HMAC it.

In-depth details can be found in sections 23 of:

•: https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/wp-content/uploads/TPM-Rev-2.0-Part-1-Architecture-01.38.pdf

Notably Figure 20, is relevant, even though it’s specifically referring to duplication blobs, the process is identical.

If the output is from tpm2_duplicate(1), the output will be slightly different, as described fully in section 23.

•: -u, --public=FILE:

Specifies the file path required to save the public portion of the object imported as key

When importing a duplicated object this option specifies the file containing the public portion of the object to be imported.

•: -a, --attributes=ATTRIBUTES:

The object attributes, optional.

•: -P, --parent-auth=AUTH:

The authorization value for using the parent key specified with -C.

•: -p, --key-auth=AUTH:

The authorization value for the imported key, optional.

•: -L, --policy=POLICY_FILE:

The policy file.

•: -s, --seed=FILE:

Specifies the file containing the encrypted seed of the duplicated object.

•: --passin=OSSL_PEM_FILE_PASSWORD

An optional password for an Open SSL (OSSL) provided input file. It mirrors the -passin option of OSSL and is known to support the pass, file, env, fd and plain password formats of openssl. (see man(1) openssl) for more.

•: --cphash=FILE

File path to record the hash of the command parameters. This is commonly termed as cpHash. NOTE: When this option is selected, The tool will not actually execute the command, it simply returns a cpHash.

References

Context Object Format

The type of a context object, whether it is a handle or file name, is determined according to the following logic in-order:

•: If the argument is a file path, then the file is loaded as a restored TPM transient object.
•: If the argument is a prefix match on one of:

•: owner: the owner hierarchy
•: platform: the platform hierarchy
•: endorsement: the endorsement hierarchy
•: lockout: the lockout control persistent object

•: If the argument argument can be loaded as a number it will be treat as a handle, e.g. 0x81010013 and used directly._OBJECT_.

Authorization Formatting

Authorization for use of an object in TPM2.0 can come in 3 different forms: 1. Password 2. HMAC 3. Sessions

NOTE: “Authorizations default to the EMPTY PASSWORD when not specified”.

Passwords

Passwords are interpreted in the following forms below using prefix identifiers.

Note: By default passwords are assumed to be in the string form when they do not have a prefix.

String

A string password, specified by prefix “str:” or it’s absence (raw string without prefix) is not interpreted, and is directly used for authorization.

Examples


foobar
str:foobar

Hex-string

A hex-string password, specified by prefix “hex:” is converted from a hexidecimal form into a byte array form, thus allowing passwords with non-printable and/or terminal un-friendly characters.

Example


hex:0x1122334455667788

File

A file based password, specified be prefix “file:” should be the path of a file containing the password to be read by the tool or a “-” to use stdin. Storing passwords in files prevents information leakage, passwords passed as options can be read from the process list or common shell history features.

Examples


# to use stdin and be prompted
file:-
# to use a file from a path
file:path/to/password/file
# to echo a password via stdin:
echo foobar | tpm2_tool -p file:-
# to use a bash here-string via stdin:
tpm2_tool -p file:- <<< foobar

Sessions

When using a policy session to authorize the use of an object, prefix the option argument with the session keyword. Then indicate a path to a session file that was created with tpm2_startauthsession(1). Optionally, if the session requires an auth value to be sent with the session handle (eg policy password), then append a + and a string as described in the Passwords section.

Examples

To use a session context file called session.ctx.


session:session.ctx

To use a session context file called session.ctx AND send the authvalue mypassword.


session:session.ctx+mypassword

To use a session context file called session.ctx AND send the HEX authvalue 0x11223344.


session:session.ctx+hex:11223344

PCR Authorizations

You can satisfy a PCR policy using the “pcr:” prefix and the PCR minilanguage. The PCR minilanguage is as follows: <pcr-spec>=<raw-pcr-file>

The PCR spec is documented in in the section “PCR bank specifiers”.

The raw-pcr-file is an optional argument that contains the output of the raw PCR contents as returned by tpm2_pcrread(1).

PCR bank specifiers (pcr.md)

Examples

To satisfy a PCR policy of sha256 on banks 0, 1, 2 and 3 use a specifier of:


pcr:sha256:0,1,2,3

specifying AUTH.

Algorithm Specifiers

Options that take algorithms support “nice-names”.

There are two major algorithm specification string classes, simple and complex. Only certain algorithms will be accepted by the TPM, based on usage and conditions.

Simple specifiers

These are strings with no additional specification data. When creating objects, non-specified portions of an object are assumed to defaults. You can find the list of known “Simple Specifiers Below”.

Asymmetric

•: rsa
•: ecc

Symmetric

•: aes
•: camellia

Hashing Algorithms

•: sha1
•: sha256
•: sha384
•: sha512
•: sm3_256
•: sha3_256
•: sha3_384
•: sha3_512

Keyed Hash

•: hmac
•: xor

Signing Schemes

•: rsassa
•: rsapss
•: ecdsa
•: ecdaa
•: ecschnorr

Asymmetric Encryption Schemes

•: oaep
•: rsaes
•: ecdh

Modes

•: ctr
•: ofb
•: cbc
•: cfb
•: ecb

Misc

•: null

Complex Specifiers

Objects, when specified for creation by the TPM, have numerous algorithms to populate in the public data. Things like type, scheme and asymmetric details, key size, etc. Below is the general format for specifying this data: <type>:<scheme>:<symmetric-details>

Type Specifiers

This portion of the complex algorithm specifier is required. The remaining scheme and symmetric details will default based on the type specified and the type of the object being created.

•: aes - Default AES: aes128
•: aes128<mode> - 128 bit AES with optional mode (ctr|ofb|cbc|cfb|ecb). If mode is not specified, defaults to null.
•: aes192<mode> - Same as aes128<mode>, except for a 192 bit key size.
•: aes256<mode> - Same as aes128<mode>, except for a 256 bit key size.
•: ecc - Elliptical Curve, defaults to ecc256.
•: ecc192 - 192 bit ECC
•: ecc224 - 224 bit ECC
•: ecc256 - 256 bit ECC
•: ecc384 - 384 bit ECC
•: ecc521 - 521 bit ECC
•: rsa - Default RSA: rsa2048
•: rsa1024 - RSA with 1024 bit keysize.
•: rsa2048 - RSA with 2048 bit keysize.
•: rsa4096 - RSA with 4096 bit keysize.

Scheme Specifiers

Next, is an optional field, it can be skipped.

Schemes are usually Signing Schemes or Asymmetric Encryption Schemes. Most signing schemes take a hash algorithm directly following the signing scheme. If the hash algorithm is missing, it defaults to sha256. Some take no arguments, and some take multiple arguments.

Hash Optional Scheme Specifiers

These scheme specifiers are followed by a dash and a valid hash algorithm, For example: oaep-sha256.

•: oaep
•: ecdh
•: rsassa
•: rsapss
•: ecdsa
•: ecschnorr

Multiple Option Scheme Specifiers

This scheme specifier is followed by a count (max size UINT16) then followed by a dash(-) and a valid hash algorithm. * ecdaa For example, ecdaa4-sha256. If no count is specified, it defaults to 4.

No Option Scheme Specifiers

This scheme specifier takes NO arguments. * rsaes

Symmetric Details Specifiers

This field is optional, and defaults based on the type of object being created and it’s attributes. Generally, any valid Symmetric specifier from the Type Specifiers list should work. If not specified, an asymmetric objects symmetric details defaults to aes128cfb.

Examples

Create an rsa2048 key with an rsaes asymmetric encryption scheme

tpm2_create -C parent.ctx -G rsa2048:rsaes -u key.pub -r key.priv

Create an ecc256 key with an ecdaa signing scheme with a count of 4 and sha384 hash

/tpm2_create -C parent.ctx -G ecc256:ecdaa4-sha384 -u key.pub -r key.priv cryptographic algorithms ALGORITHM.

Object Attributes

Object Attributes are used to control various properties of created objects. When specified as an option, either the raw bitfield mask or “nice-names” may be used. The values can be found in Table 31 Part 2 of the TPM2.0 specification, which can be found here:

<https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/wp-content/uploads/TPM-Rev-2.0-Part-2-Structures-01.38.pdf>

Nice names are calculated by taking the name field of table 31 and removing the prefix TPMA_OBJECT_ and lowercasing the result. Thus, TPMA_OBJECT_FIXEDTPM becomes fixedtpm. Nice names can be joined using the bitwise or “|” symbol.

For instance, to set The fields TPMA_OBJECT_FIXEDTPM, TPMA_OBJECT_NODA, and TPMA_OBJECT_SIGN_ENCRYPT, the argument would be:

fixedtpm|noda|sign specifying the object attributes ATTRIBUTES.

COMMON OPTIONS

This collection of options are common to many programs and provide information that many users may expect.

•: -h, --help=[man|no-man]: Display the tools manpage. By default, it attempts to invoke the manpager for the tool, however, on failure will output a short tool summary. This is the same behavior if the “man” option argument is specified, however if explicit “man” is requested, the tool will provide errors from man on stderr. If the “no-man” option if specified, or the manpager fails, the short options will be output to stdout.

To successfully use the manpages feature requires the manpages to be installed or on MANPATH, See man(1) for more details.

•: -v, --version: Display version information for this tool, supported tctis and exit.
•: -V, --verbose: Increase the information that the tool prints to the console during its execution. When using this option the file and line number are printed.
•: -Q, --quiet: Silence normal tool output to stdout.
•: -Z, --enable-errata: Enable the application of errata fixups. Useful if an errata fixup needs to be applied to commands sent to the TPM. Defining the environment TPM2TOOLS_ENABLE_ERRATA is equivalent. information many users may expect.

TCTI Configuration

The TCTI or “Transmission Interface” is the communication mechanism with the TPM. TCTIs can be changed for communication with TPMs across different mediums.

To control the TCTI, the tools respect:

1.: The command line option -T or --tcti
2.: The environment variable: TPM2TOOLS_TCTI.

Note: The command line option always overrides the environment variable.

The current known TCTIs are:

•: tabrmd - The resource manager, called tabrmd (https://github.com/tpm2-software/tpm2-abrmd). Note that tabrmd and abrmd as a tcti name are synonymous.
•: mssim - Typically used for communicating to the TPM software simulator.
•: device - Used when talking directly to a TPM device file.
•: none - Do not initalize a connection with the TPM. Some tools allow for off-tpm options and thus support not using a TCTI. Tools that do not support it will error when attempted to be used without a TCTI connection. Does not support ANY options and MUST BE presented as the exact text of “none”.

The arguments to either the command line option or the environment variable are in the form:

<tcti-name>:<tcti-option-config>

Specifying an empty string for either the <tcti-name> or <tcti-option-config> results in the default being used for that portion respectively.

TCTI Defaults

When a TCTI is not specified, the default TCTI is searched for using dlopen(3) semantics. The tools will search for tabrmd, device and mssim TCTIs IN THAT ORDER and USE THE FIRST ONE FOUND. You can query what TCTI will be chosen as the default by using the -v option to print the version information. The “default-tcti” key-value pair will indicate which of the aforementioned TCTIs is the default.

Custom TCTIs

Any TCTI that implements the dynamic TCTI interface can be loaded. The tools internally use dlopen(3), and the raw tcti-name value is used for the lookup. Thus, this could be a path to the shared library, or a library name as understood by dlopen(3) semantics.

TCTI OPTIONS

This collection of options are used to configure the various known TCTI modules available:

•: device: For the device TCTI, the TPM character device file for use by the device TCTI can be specified. The default is /dev/tpm0.

Example: -T device:/dev/tpm0 or export TPM2TOOLS_TCTI=“device:/dev/tpm0”

•: mssim: For the mssim TCTI, the domain name or IP address and port number used by the simulator can be specified. The default are 127.0.0.1 and 2321.

Example: -T mssim:host=localhost,port=2321 or export TPM2TOOLS_TCTI=“mssim:host=localhost,port=2321”

•: abrmd: For the abrmd TCTI, the configuration string format is a series of simple key value pairs separated by a `,' character. Each key and value string are separated by a `=' character.

•: TCTI abrmd supports two keys:

1.: `bus_name' : The name of the tabrmd service on the bus (a string).
2.: `bus_type' : The type of the dbus instance (a string) limited to `session' and `system'.

Specify the tabrmd tcti name and a config string of bus_name=com.example.FooBar:


\--tcti=tabrmd:bus_name=com.example.FooBar

Specify the default (abrmd) tcti and a config string of bus_type=session:


\--tcti:bus_type=session

NOTE: abrmd and tabrmd are synonymous. the various known TCTI modules.

EXAMPLES

To import a key, one needs to have a parent key


tpm2_createprimary -Grsa2048:aes128cfb -C o -c parent.ctx

Create your key and and import it. If you already have a key, just use that and skip creating it.

Import an AES 128 key


dd if=/dev/urandom of=sym.key bs=1 count=16
tpm2_import -C parent.ctx -G aes -i sym.key -u key.pub -r key.priv

Import an RSA key


openssl genrsa -out private.pem 2048
tpm2_import -C parent.ctx -G rsa -i private.pem -u key.pub -r key.priv

Import an ECC key


openssl ecparam -name prime256v1 -genkey -noout -out private.ecc.pem
tpm2_import -C parent.ctx -G ecc -i private.ecc.pem -u key.pub -r key.priv

Import a duplicated key


tpm2_import -C parent.ctx -i key.dup -u key.pub -r key.priv -L policy.dat

LIMITATIONS

•: The TPM requires that the name algorithm of the child be smaller than the parent.

Returns

Tools can return any of the following codes:

•: 0 - Success.
•: 1 - General non-specific error.
•: 2 - Options handling error.
•: 3 - Authentication error.
•: 4 - TCTI related error.
•: 5 - Non supported scheme. Applicable to tpm2_testparams.

BUGS

Github Issues (https://github.com/tpm2-software/tpm2-tools/issues)

HELP

See the Mailing List (https://lists.01.org/mailman/listinfo/tpm2)