NAME

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Output format selection is done with options; each format selection option consists (optionally) of a format selector and a base selector.

The format selectors are as follows; if no format selector is present, the base selector is applied to all available format selectors:

-b

Separates the input in bytes; each byte is printed as a numerical value.

-c

Separates the input in bytes; each byte that is also a printable character is printed as such, certain characters are printed as C language escapes, others as a numerical value.

-w

Separates the input in 16-bit words; each word is printed as a numerical value.

-l

Separates the input in 32-bit long words; each word is printed as a numerical value.

The following base selectors are accepted; if the base selector is omitted, all base selectors are applied to the chosen format selectors:

-o

Selects octal output.

-d

Selects unsigned decimal output.

-x

Selects hexadecimal output.

The format of the addresses at the left can also be selected by using the

-a

option followed by one of the base selectors; only one base selector is applied. The default address base is hexadecimal.

The following options also affect the output format:

-A

Causes bytes that are printable characters to be displayed as such at the right; nonprintable bytes are printed as `.'.

-t

Text file format; overrides all other format options except -a. Each line of the input is preceded by its address; printable characters are displayed as such, except for `\', `^', and '~', which are prefixed by a `\' character. ASCII control characters are prefixed by `^'. Bytes with the highest bit set that do not form a printable character are indicated by '~', followed by the corresponding ASCII character as above.

-v

Unless -t is used, a set of immediately following indentical 16-byte sets is abbreviated by printing `*' for the second and further ones. This option inhibits this behavior and causes all lines to be displayed. This option is an extension.

If no output selection is present, the default is -bxA.

The following options affect the handling of input files:

-s offset

Selects a starting offset within each file. Offset is interpreted as a decimal value unless prefixed by 0, which causes interpretation as an octal value, or 0x, which causes interpretation as a hexadecimal value. The suffixes w, l, b, and k cause multiplication by 2 (`words'), 4 (`long words'), 512 (`blocks'), or 1024 (`kilobytes'), respectively. Value and suffix may be separated by a `*' character to suppress interpretation of `b' as a hexadecimal digit.

-n count

Causes only count characters of the file to be displayed; count is handled as the offset for -s described above.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

LANG, LC_ALL

See locale(7).

LC_CTYPE

Selects the set of printable single-byte characters for the -A and -c options and the set of printable characters for the -t option.

SEE ALSO