Method Arguments

  $git->commit({ message => "stuff" , all => 1 });

may produce this shell command:

  git commit --all --message="stuff"

This code, however:

  $git->commit(qw/ --message "stuff" / , { all => 1 });

will always produce this shell command:

  git commit --message "stuff" --all

In most cases, this exact control over argument ordering is not needed and simply passing all options as part of a hashref, and all other options as additional list arguments, will be sufficient. In some cases, however, the ordering of options to particular git sub-commands is significant, resulting in the need for this level of control.

N.b. Options that are given with a leading '-' (with the exception of special options noted below) are applied as arguments to the "git" command itself; options without a leading '-' are applied as arguments to the sub-command. For example:

  $git->command({ -foo => 1 , bar => 2 });

invokes the command line

  git --foo=1 command --bar=2

N.b. Because of the way arguments are parsed, should you need to pass an explicit '0' value to an option (for example, to have the same effect as "--abbrev=0" on the command line), you should pass it with a leading space, like so:

  $git->describe({ abbrev => ' 0' };

To pass content via STDIN, use the -STDIN option:

  $git->hash_object({ stdin => 1, -STDIN => 'content to hash' });

Output is available as an array of lines, each chomped.

  @sha1s_and_titles = $git->rev_list({ all => 1, pretty => 'oneline' });

Passing stringify-able objects as arguments

Objects may be passed in the place of scalars, assuming those objects overload stringification in such a way as to produce a useful value. However, relying on this stringification is discouraged and likely to be officially deprecated in a subsequent release. Instead, if you have an object that stringifies to a meaningful value (e.g., a Path::Class object), you should stringify it yourself before passing it to "Git::Wrapper" methods.

Error handling

The error object has three useful methods:

• error

  Returns the full error message reported by the resulting git command sent to "STDERR". This method should not be used as a success/failure check, as "git" will sometimes produce output on STDERR when a command is successful.

• output

  Returns the full output generated by the git command that is sent to "STDOUT". This method should not be used as a success/failure check, as "git" will frequently not have any output with a successful command.

• status

  Returns the non-zero exit code reported by git on error.

Using Try::Tiny

Try::Tiny is the recommended way to catch exception objects thrown by Git::Wrapper.

  use Try::Tiny

  my $git = Git::Wrapper->new('/path/to/my/repo');

  try {
    # equivalent to, "git --non-existent-option=1" on the commandline
    $git->status({ "non-existent-option"=>1 });
  }
  catch {
    # print STERR from erroneous git command
    print $_->error;

    # print STOUT from git command
    print $_->output;

    # print non-zero exist status of git processo
    print $_->status;

    # quotes are overloaded, so:
    print "$_"; # equivalent to $_->error
  };

Using "eval"

If for some reason you are unable to use Try::Tiny, it is also possible to use the "eval" function to catch exception objects. THIS IS NOT RECOMMENDED!

  my $git = Git::Wrapper->new('/path/to/my/repo');

  my $ok = eval {
    # equivalent to, "git --non-existent-option=1" on the commandline
    $git->status({ "non-existent-option"=>1 });
    1;
  };

  if ($@ and ref $@ eq q{Git::Wrapper::Exception}) {
    # print STERR from erroneous git command
    print $@->error;

    # print STOUT from git command
    print $@->output;

    # print non-zero exist status of git processo
    print $@->status;

    # quotes are overloaded, so:
    print "$@"; # equivalent to $@->error
  }

new

  my $git = Git::Wrapper->new($dir);
  my $git = Git::Wrapper->new({ dir => $dir , git_binary => '/path/to/git' });

  # To force the git binary location
  my $git = Git::Wrapper->new($dir, 'git_binary' => '/usr/local/bin/git');

  # prints the content of OUT and ERR to STDOUT and STDERR
  # after a command is run
  my $git = Git::Wrapper->new($dir, autoprint => 1);

git

  print $git->git; # /path/to/git/binary/being/used

dir

  print $git->dir; # /var/foo

version

  my $version = $git->version; # 1.6.1.4.8.15.16.23.42

branch

  my @branches = $git->branch;

This command intentionally disables ANSI color highlighting in the output. If you want ANSI color highlighting, you'll need to bypass via the RUN() method (see below).

log

  my @logs = $git->log;

Instead of giving back an arrayref of lines, the "log" method returns a list of "Git::Wrapper::Log" objects.

There are five methods in a "Git::Wrapper::Log" objects:

• id
• author
• date
• message
• modifications

  Only populated with when "raw => 1" option is set; see "Raw logs" below.

Raw logs

Calling the "log" method with the "raw => 1" option set, as below, will do additional parsing to populate the "modifications" attribute on each "Git::Wrapper::Log" object. This method returns a list of "Git::Wrapper::File::RawModification" objects, which can be used to get filenames, permissions, and other metadata associated with individual files in the given commit. A short example, to loop over all commits in the log and print the filenames that were changed in each commit, one filename per file:

    my @logs = $git->log({ raw => 1 });
    foreach my $log ( @logs ) {
        say "In commit '" . $log->id . "', the following files changed:";
        my @mods = $log->modifications;
        foreach my $mod ( @mods ) {
            say "\t" . $mod->filename;
        }
    }

Note that some commits (e.g., merge commits) will not contain any file changes. The "modifications" method will return an empty list in that case.

Custom log formats

"log" will throw an exception if it is passed the "--format" option. The reason for this has to do with the fact that the parsing of the full log output into "Git::Wrapper::Log" objects assumes the default format provided by `git` itself. Passing "--format" to the underlying `git log` method affects this assumption and the output is no longer able to be processed as intented.

If you wish to specify a custom log format, please use the RUN method directly. The caller will be supplied with the full log output. From there, the caller may process the output as it wishes.

has_git_in_path

supports_status_porcelain

supports_log_no_abbrev_commit

supports_log_no_expand_tabs

supports_log_raw_dates

supports_hash_object_filters

These are primarily for use in this distribution's test suite, but may also be useful when writing code using Git::Wrapper that might be run with different versions of the underlying git binary.

status

When running with an underlying git binary that returns true for the "supports_status_porcelain" method, this method instead returns an instance of Git::Wrapper::Statuses:

  my $statuses = $git->status;

Git::Wrapper:Statuses has two public methods. First, "is_dirty":

  my $dirty_flag = $statuses->is_dirty;

which returns a true/false value depending on whether the repository has any uncommitted changes.

Second, "get":

  my @status = $statuses->get($group)

which returns an array of Git::Wrapper::Status objects, one per file changed.

There are four status groups, each of which may contain zero or more changes.

• indexed : Changed & added to the index (aka, will be committed)
• changed : Changed but not in the index (aka, won't be committed)
• unknown : Untracked files
• conflict : Merge conflicts

Note that a single file can occur in more than one group. E.g., a modified file that has been added to the index will appear in the 'indexed' list. If it is subsequently further modified it will additionally appear in the 'changed' group.

A Git::Wrapper::Status object has three methods you can call:

  my $from = $status->from;

The file path of the changed file, relative to the repo root. For renames, this is the original path.

  my $to = $status->to;

Renames returns the new path/name for the path. In all other cases returns an empty string.

  my $mode = $status->mode;

Indicates what has changed about the file.

Within each group (except 'conflict') a file can be in one of a number of modes, although some modes only occur in some groups (e.g., 'added' never appears in the 'unknown' group).

• modified
• added
• deleted
• renamed
• copied
• conflict

All files in the 'unknown' group will have a mode of 'unknown' (which is redundant but at least consistent).

The 'conflict' group instead has the following modes.

• 'both deleted' : deleted on both branches
• 'both added' : added on both branches
• 'both modified' : modified on both branches
• 'added by us' : added only on our branch
• 'deleted by us' : deleted only on our branch
• 'added by them' : added on the branch we are merging in
• 'deleted by them' : deleted on the branch we are merging in

See git-status man page for more details.

Example

    my $git = Git::Wrapper->new('/path/to/git/repo');
    my $statuses = $git->status;
    for my $type (qw<indexed changed unknown conflict>) {
        my @states = $statuses->get($type)
            or next;
        print "Files in state $type\n";
        for (@states) {
            print '  ', $_->mode, ' ', $_->from;
            print ' renamed to ', $_->to
                if $_->mode eq 'renamed';
            print "\n";
        }
    }

RUN

This method should be called with an initial string argument of the "git" subcommand you want to run, followed by a hashref containing options and their values, and then a list of any other arguments.

Example

    my $git = Git::Wrapper->new( '/path/to/git/repo' );

    # the 'log' method returns Git::Wrapper::Log objects
    my @log_objects = $git->log();

    # while 'RUN('log')' returns an array of chomped lines
    my @log_lines = $git->RUN('log');

    # getting the full of commit SHAs via `git log` by using the '--format' option
    my @log_lines = $git->RUN('log', '--format=%H');

AUTOPRINT( $enabled )

ERR

OUT