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Gtk3(3) |
User Contributed Perl Documentation |
Gtk3(3) |
Gtk3 - Perl interface to the 3.x series of the gtk+ toolkit
use Gtk3 -init;
my $window = Gtk3::Window->new ('toplevel');
my $button = Gtk3::Button->new ('Quit');
$button->signal_connect (clicked => sub { Gtk3::main_quit });
$window->add ($button);
$window->show_all;
Gtk3::main;
Perl bindings to the 3.x series of the gtk+ toolkit. This module allows you to
write graphical user interfaces in a Perlish and object-oriented way, freeing
you from the casting and memory management in C, yet remaining very close in
spirit to original API.
The "Gtk3" module allows a Perl developer to
use the gtk+ graphical user interface library. Find out more about gtk+ at
<http://www.gtk.org>.
The gtk+ reference manual is also a handy companion when writing
"Gtk3" programs in Perl:
<http://developer.gnome.org/gtk3/stable/>. The Perl bindings follow
the C API very closely, and the C reference documentation should be
considered the canonical source. The principles underlying the mapping from
C to Perl are explained in the documentation of Glib::Object::Introspection,
on which "Gtk3" is based.
Glib::Object::Introspection also comes with the
"perli11ndoc" program which displays the
API reference documentation of all installed libraries organized in
accordance with these principles.
"Gtk3" automatically sets up the following
correspondence between C libraries and Perl packages:
Library | Package
--------------+----------
Gtk-3.0 | Gtk3
Gdk-3.0 | Gtk3::Gdk
GdkPixbuf-2.0 | Gtk3::Gdk
Pango-1.0 | Pango
When importing "Gtk3", you can pass
"-init" as in "use
Gtk3 -init;" to have
"Gtk3::init" automatically called. You can
also pass a version number to require a certain version of
"Gtk3".
In order to make things more Perlish or to make porting from
"Gtk2" to
"Gtk3" easier,
"Gtk3" customizes the API generated by
Glib::Object::Introspection in a few spots:
- •
- The array ref normally returned by the following functions is flattened
into a list:
- Gtk3::ActionGroup::list_actions
- Gtk3::Builder::get_objects
- Gtk3::CellLayout::get_cells
- Gtk3::Container::get_children
- Gtk3::SizeGroup::get_widgets
- Gtk3::TreePath::get_indices
- Gtk3::TreeView::get_columns
- Gtk3::UIManager::get_action_groups
- Gtk3::UIManager::get_toplevels
- Gtk3::Window::list_toplevels
- Gtk3::stock_list_ids
- Gtk3::Gdk::Pixbuf::get_formats
- •
- The following functions normally return a boolean and additional out
arguments, where the boolean indicates whether the out arguments are
valid. They are altered such that when the boolean is true, only the
additional out arguments are returned, and when the boolean is false, an
empty list is returned.
- Gtk3::TextBuffer::get_selection_bounds
- Gtk3::TreeModel::get_iter
- Gtk3::TreeModel::get_iter_first
- Gtk3::TreeModel::get_iter_from_string
- Gtk3::TreeModel::iter_children
- Gtk3::TreeModel::iter_nth_child
- Gtk3::TreeModel::iter_parent
- Gtk3::TreeModelFilter::convert_child_iter_to_iter
- Gtk3::TreeModelSort::convert_child_iter_to_iter
- Gtk3::TreeSelection::get_selected
- Gtk3::TreeView::get_dest_row_at_pos
- Gtk3::TreeView::get_path_at_pos
- Gtk3::TreeView::get_tooltip_context
- Gtk3::TreeView::get_visible_range
- Gtk3::TreeViewColumn::cell_get_position
- Gtk3::stock_lookup
- Gtk3::Gdk::Event::get_axis
- Gtk3::Gdk::Event::get_button
- Gtk3::Gdk::Event::get_click_count
- Gtk3::Gdk::Event::get_coords
- Gtk3::Gdk::Event::get_keycode
- Gtk3::Gdk::Event::get_keyval
- Gtk3::Gdk::Event::get_scroll_direction
- Gtk3::Gdk::Event::get_scroll_deltas
- Gtk3::Gdk::Event::get_state
- Gtk3::Gdk::Event::get_root_coords
- Gtk3::Gdk::Window::get_origin
- •
- Values of type Gtk3::ResponseType are converted to and from nick names if
possible, while still allowing raw IDs, in the following places:
- - For Gtk3::Dialog and Gtk3::InfoBar: the signal "response" as
well as the methods "add_action_widget", "add_button",
"add_buttons", "response",
"set_default_response" and
"set_response_sensitive".
- - For Gtk3::Dialog: the methods "get_response_for_widget",
"get_widget_for_response", "run" and
"set_alternative_button_order".
- •
- Values of type Gtk3::IconSize are converted to and from nick names if
possible, while still allowing raw IDs, in the following places:
- - Gtk3::Image: the constructors new_from_stock, new_from_icon_set,
new_from_icon_name and new_from_gicon, the getters get_stock, get_icon_set,
get_icon_name and get_gicon and the setters set_from_stock,
set_from_icon_set, set_from_icon_name, set_from_gicon.
- - Gtk3::Widget: the method render_icon.
- The constants "Gtk3::EVENT_PROPAGATE"
and "Gtk3::EVENT_STOP" can be used in
handlers for event signals like
"key-press-event" to indicate whether or
not the event should continue propagating through the widget
hierarchy.
- The records corresponding to the various Gtk3::Gdk::Event types, like
"expose" or
"key-release", are represented as
objects blessed into specific Perl packages, like
"Gtk3::Gdk::EventExpose" or
"Gtk3::Gdk::EventKey", that all inherit
from "Gtk3::Gdk::Event". This allows you
to seemlessly access type-specific fields as well as common fields, as in
"$event->window" or
"$event->keyval".
- Gtk3::Gdk::Atom has overloads for the
"==" and
"!=" operators that check for equality
of the underlying atoms.
- For backwards compatibility, the functions
"Gtk3::get_version_info" and
"Gtk3::GET_VERSION_INFO" are provided,
and the functions "Gtk3::CHECK_VERSION",
"Gtk3::check_version",
"Gtk3::init",
"Gtk3::init_check",
"Gtk3::main",
"Gtk3::main_level" and
"Gtk3::main_quit" can be called as
class-static or as normal functions: for example,
"Gtk3->main_quit" and
"Gtk3::main_quit" are both supported.
Additionally, "Gtk3::init" and
"Gtk3::init_check" automatically handle
passing and updating @ARGV as appropriate.
- A Perl reimplementation of
"Gtk3::show_about_dialog" is
provided.
- Perl reimplementations of
"Gtk3::ActionGroup::add_actions",
"add_radio_actions" and
"add_toggle_actions" are provided.
- "Gtk3::Builder::add_objects_from_file"
and "add_objects_from_string" also
accept a list of objects instead of an array ref.
- "Gtk3::Builder::add_objects_from_string"
and "add_from_string" don't take length
arguments, as they are computed automatically.
- A Perl reimplementation of
"Gtk3::Builder::connect_signals" is
provided.
- The default "new" constructors of
Gtk3::Button, Gtk3::CheckButton, Gtk3::ColorButton, Gtk3::FontButton and
Gtk3::ToggleButton reroute to
"new_with_mnemonic" if given an extra
argument.
- The default "new" constructor of
Gtk3::CheckMenuItem reroutes to
"new_with_mnemonic" if given an extra
argument.
- The "length" argument of
"Gtk3::Clipboard::set_text" is
optional.
- Perl reimplementations of
"Gtk3::Container::add_with_properties",
"Gtk3::Container::child_get" and
"Gtk3::Container::child_set" are
provided.
- "Gtk3::Container::find_child_property"
and
"Gtk3::Container::list_child_properties"
are forwarded to the corresponding functions in
"Gtk3::ContainerClass".
- "Gtk3::Container::get_focus_chain"
returns a list of widgets, or an empty list.
- "Gtk3::Container::set_focus_chain" also
accepts a list of widgets.
- "Gtk3::CssProvider::load_from_data" also
accepts a string.
- For Gtk3::Dialog and Gtk3::InfoBar, a Perl implementation of
"add_buttons" is provided.
- "Gtk3::Dialog::new" can optionally be
called as "Gtk3::Dialog->new
(TITLE, PARENT, FLAGS, ...)" where
"..." is a series of button text and
response id pairs.
- A Perl implementation of
"Gtk3::Dialog::new_with_buttons" is
provided.
- The "length" argument of
"Gtk3::Editable::insert_text" is
optional.
- A Perl implementation of
"Gtk3::FileChooserDialog::new" is
provided.
- "Gtk3::HBox::new" uses the defaults
homogeneous = FALSE and spacing = 5.
- The default "new" constructor of
Gtk3::ImageMenuItem reroutes to
"new_with_mnemonic" if given an extra
argument.
- "Gtk3::InfoBar::new" can optionally be
called as "Gtk3::InfoBar->new (...)"
where "..." is a series of button text
and response id pairs.
- A Perl reimplementation of
"Gtk3::InfoBar::new_with_buttons" is
provided.
- The default "new" constructor of
Gtk3::LinkButton reroutes to
"new_with_label" if given an extra
argument.
- "Gtk3::ListStore::new" also accepts a
list of type names.
- Gtk3::ListStore has a "get" method that
calls "Gtk3::TreeModel::get" instead of
"Glib::Object::get".
- "Gtk3::ListStore::insert_with_values"
also accepts a list of "column =>
value" pairs and reroutes to
"insert_with_valuesv".
- "Gtk3::ListStore::set" also accepts a
list of "column => value" pairs.
- "Gtk3::Menu::popup" reroutes to
"popup_for_device" for better callback
handling.
- "Gtk3::Menu::popup_for_device" allows
the given menu position func to return only x and y coordinates,
defaulting "push_in" to FALSE.
- The default "new" constructor of
Gtk3::MenuItem reroutes to
"new_with_mnemonic" if given an extra
argument.
- A Perl reimplementation of
"Gtk3::MessageDialog::new" is
provided.
- The group handling in the constructors and accessors of Gtk3::RadioAction,
Gtk3::RadioButton, Gtk3::RadioMenuItem and Gtk3::RadioToolButton is
amended to work correctly when given array refs of group members or single
group members.
- Perl reimplementations of
"Gtk3::RecentChooserDialog::new" and
"new_for_manager" are provided.
- Redirects are provided from
"Gtk3::Stock::[function]" to
"Gtk3::stock_[function]" for
"add",
"add_static",
"list_ids",
"lookup" and
"set_translate_func".
- A Perl reimplementation of
"Gtk3::StyleContext::get" is
provided.
- An override for "Gtk3::TargetEntry::new"
is provided that automatically handles the conversion of the
"flags" argument.
- A Perl reimplementation of
"Gtk3::TextBuffer::create_tag" is
provided.
- The "length" arguments of
"Gtk3::TextBuffer::insert",
"insert_at_cursor",
"insert_interactive",
"insert_interactive_at_cursor",
"insert_markup" and
"set_text" are optional.
- Perl reimplementations of
"Gtk3::TextBuffer::insert_with_tags" and
"insert_with_tags_by_name" are provided
which do not require a "length"
argument.
- A Perl reimplementation of
"Gtk3::TreeModel::get" is provided.
- A redirect is added from
"Gtk3::TreeModelFilter::new" to
<Gtk3::TreeModel::filter_new> so that Gtk3::TreeModelFilter objects
can be constructed normally.
- Gtk3::TreeModelFilter has a "get" method
that calls "Gtk3::TreeModel::get"
instead of "Glib::Object::get".
- A redirect is added from
"Gtk3::TreeModelSort::new_with_model" to
<Gtk3::TreeModel::sort_new_with_model> so that Gtk3::TreeModelSort
objects can be constructed normally.
- Gtk3::TreeModelSort has a "get" method
that calls "Gtk3::TreeModel::get"
instead of "Glib::Object::get".
- "Gtk3::TreePath::new" redirects to
"new_from_string" if an additional
argument is given.
- A Perl reimplementation of
"Gtk3::TreePath::new_from_indices" is
provided.
- "Gtk3::TreeStore::new" also accepts a
list of type names.
- Gtk3::TreeStore has a "get" method that
calls "Gtk3::TreeModel::get" instead of
"Glib::Object::get".
- "Gtk3::TreeStore::insert_with_values"
also accepts a list of "column =>
value" pairs.
- "Gtk3::TreeStore::set" also accepts a
list of "column => value" pairs.
- "Gtk3::TreeView::new" redirects to
"new_with_model" if an additional
argument is given.
- A Perl reimplementation of
"Gtk3::TreeView::insert_column_with_attributes"
is provided.
- A Perl reimplementation of
"Gtk3::TreeViewColumn::new_with_attributes"
is provided.
- Perl reimplementations of
"Gtk3::TreeViewColumn::set_attributes"
and "Gtk3::CellLayout::set_attributes"
are provided.
- "Gtk3::UIManager::add_ui_from_string"
takes no "length" argument.
- "Gtk3::VBox::new" uses the defaults
homogeneous = FALSE and spacing = 5.
- "Gtk3::Widget::add_events" and
"Gtk3::Widget::set_events" also accept
strings, array references and
"Gtk3::Gdk::EventMask" objects for the
"events" parameter.
- "Gtk3::Widget::get_events" returns a
"Gtk3::Gdk::EventMask" object that can
also be compared to numeric values with
"==" and
">=".
- "Gtk3::Widget::find_style_property" and
"Gtk3::Widget::list_style_properties"
are forwarded to the corresponding functions in
"Gtk3::WidgetClass".
- A Perl reimplementation of
"Gtk3::Widget::style_get" is
provided.
- "Gtk3::Window::new" uses the default
type = 'toplevel'.
- A constructor "Gtk3::Gdk::RGBA::new" is
provided that can be called as
"Gtk3::Gdk::RGBA->new (r, g, b,
a)".
- "Gtk3::Gdk::RGBA::parse" can be called
as a function returning a new instance ("$rgba =
Gtk3::Gdk::RGBA::parse ($spec)") or as a method
("$rgba->parse ($spec)").
- "Gtk3::Gdk::Window::new" optionally
computes the "attr_mask" automatically
from the given "attr".
- "Gtk3::Gdk::Pixbuf::get_pixels" returns
a byte string.
- "Gtk3::Gdk::Pixbuf::new_from_data" is
reimplemented in terms of
"new_from_inline" for correct memory
management. No "destroy_fn" and
"destroy_fn_data" arguments are
needed.
- "Gtk3::Gdk::Pixbuf::new_from_inline"
does not take a "copy_pixels" argument.
It is always set to TRUE for correct memory management.
- "Gtk3::Gdk::Pixbuf::new_from_xpm_data"
also accepts a list of XPM lines.
- "Gtk3::Gdk::Pixbuf::save",
"save_to_buffer" and
"save_to_callback" also accept
"key => value" pairs and invoke the
correct C function as appropriate for the current gdk-pixbuf version.
- The "length" arguments of
"Pango::Layout::set_text" and
"set_markup" are optional.
As of 5.20.0, perl does not automatically re-check the locale environment for
changes. If a function thus changes the locale behind perl's back, problems
might arise whenever numbers are formatted, for example when checking
versions. To ensure perl's assumption about the locale are up-to-date, the
functions "Gtk3::init",
"init_check",
"init_with_args" and
"parse_args" are amended to let perl know of
any changes.
The majority of the API has not changed, so as a first approximation you can run
"s/Gtk2/Gtk3/" on your application. A big
exception to this rule is APIs that were deprecated in gtk+ 2.x -- these were
all removed from gtk+ 3.0 and thus from Gtk3. The migration guide at
<http://developer.gnome.org/gtk3/stable/migrating.html> describes what
to use instead. Apart from this, here is a list of some other incompatible
differences between Gtk2 and Gtk3:
- The call syntax for class-static methods is now always
"Gtk3::Stock::lookup" instead of
"Gtk3::Stock->lookup".
- The %Gtk2::Gdk::Keysyms hash is gone; instead of
"Gtk2::Gdk::Keysyms{XYZ}", use
"Gtk3::Gdk::KEY_XYZ".
- The Gtk2::Pango compatibility wrapper was not carried over; simply use the
namespace "Pango" everywhere. It gets set up automatically when
loading Gtk3.
- The types Gtk3::Allocation and Gtk3::Gdk::Rectangle are now aliases for
Cairo::RectangleInt, and as such they are represented as plain hashes with
keys 'width', 'height', 'x' and 'y'.
- Gtk3::Editable: Callbacks connected to the "insert-text" signal
do not have as many options anymore as they had in Gtk2. Changes to
arguments will not be propagated to the next signal handler, and only the
updated position can and must be returned.
- Gtk3::Menu: In gtk+ < 3.16, the position callback passed to
popup() does not receive x and y parameters.
- Gtk3::RadioAction: The constructor now follows the C API.
- Gtk3::TreeModel: iter_next() is now a method that is modifying the
iter directly, instead of returning a new one. rows_reordered() and
the "rows-reordered" signal are currently unusable.
- Gtk3::TreeSelection: get_selected_rows() now returns two values: an
array ref containing the selected paths, and the model.
get_user_data() is not available currently.
- Gtk3::TreeSortable: get_sort_column_id() has an additional boolean
return value.
- Gtk3::TreeStore, Gtk3::ListStore: reorder() is currently
unusable.
- Gtk3::Widget: grab_add() and grab_remove() are methods now:
"$widget->grab_add",
"$widget->grab_remove".
- Gtk3::Gdk::Atom: The constructor new() is not provided anymore, and
the class function intern() must now be called as
"Gtk3::Gdk::Atom::intern
(name, only_if_exists)".
- Implementations of Gtk3::TreeModel: Gtk3::TreeIter now has a constructor
called new() expecting "key =>
value" pairs; new_from_arrayref() does not exist
anymore. To access the contents of Gtk3::TreeIter, use stamp(),
user_data(), user_data2() and user_data3();
to_arrayref() does not exist anymore. GET_ITER(),
ITER_CHILDREN(), ITER_NTH_CHILD() and ITER_PARENT()
must return an additional boolean value. ITER_NEXT() must modify
the iter and return a boolean rather than return a new iter.
GET_VALUE() must return the value wrapped with
"Glib::Object::Introspection::GValueWrapper->new".
- Implementations of Gtk3::CellLayout: GET_CELLS() now needs to
return an array ref instead of a list.
Note also that Gtk3::CHECK_VERSION will always fail when passed
2.y.z, so if you have any existing version checks in your code, you will
most likely need to remove them.
- To discuss Gtk3 and ask questions join gtk-perl-list@gnome.org at
<http://mail.gnome.org/mailman/listinfo/gtk-perl-list>.
- Also have a look at the gtk2-perl website and sourceforge project page,
<http://gtk2-perl.sourceforge.net>.
- Glib
- Glib::Object::Introspection
- Torsten Schönfeld <kaffeetisch@gmx.de>
Copyright (C) 2011-2015 by Torsten Schoenfeld <kaffeetisch@gmx.de>
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as
published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the
License, or (at your option) any later version.
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