NAME

MCE::Shared::Hash - Hash helper class

VERSION

This document describes MCE::Shared::Hash version 1.876

DESCRIPTION

A hash helper class for use as a standalone or managed by MCE::Shared.

SYNOPSIS

 # non-shared or local construction for use by a single process

 use MCE::Shared::Hash;

 my $ha = MCE::Shared::Hash->new( @pairs );

 # construction for sharing with other threads and processes

 use MCE::Shared;

 my $ha = MCE::Shared->hash( @pairs );

 # hash-like dereferencing

 my $val = $ha->{$key};
 $ha->{$key} = $val;

 %{$ha} = ();

 # OO interface

 if ( !defined ( $val = $ha->get("some_key") ) ) {
    $val = $ha->set( some_key => "some_value" );
 }

 $val   = $ha->set( $key, $val );
 $ret   = $ha->setnx( $key, $val );         # set only if the key exists
 $val   = $ha->get( $key );
 $val   = $ha->delete( $key );              # del is an alias for delete
 $bool  = $ha->exists( $key );
 void   = $ha->clear();
 $len   = $ha->len();                       # scalar keys %{ $ha }
 $len   = $ha->len( $key );                 # length $ha->{ $key }

 $ha2   = $ha->clone( @keys );              # @keys is optional
 $ha3   = $ha->flush( @keys );
 $iter  = $ha->iterator( @keys );           # ($key, $val) = $iter->()
 @keys  = $ha->keys( @keys );
 %pairs = $ha->pairs( @keys );
 @vals  = $ha->values( @keys );             # vals is an alias for values

 $len   = $ha->assign( $key/$val pairs );   # equivalent to ->clear, ->mset
 $cnt   = $ha->mdel( @keys );
 @vals  = $ha->mget( @keys );
 $bool  = $ha->mexists( @keys );            # true if all keys exists
 $len   = $ha->mset( $key/$val pairs );     # merge is an alias for mset

 # included, sugar methods without having to call set/get explicitly

 $len   = $ha->append( $key, $string );     #   $val .= $string
 $val   = $ha->decr( $key );                # --$val
 $val   = $ha->decrby( $key, $number );     #   $val -= $number
 $val   = $ha->getdecr( $key );             #   $val--
 $val   = $ha->getincr( $key );             #   $val++
 $val   = $ha->incr( $key );                # ++$val
 $val   = $ha->incrby( $key, $number );     #   $val += $number
 $old   = $ha->getset( $key, $new );        #   $o = $v, $v = $n, $o

 # pipeline, provides atomicity for shared objects, MCE::Shared v1.09+

 @vals  = $ha->pipeline(                    # ( "a_a", "b_b", "c_c" )
    [ "set", foo => "a_a" ],
    [ "set", bar => "b_b" ],
    [ "set", baz => "c_c" ],
    [ "mget", qw/ foo bar baz / ]
 );

For normal hash behavior, the TIE interface is supported.

 # non-shared or local construction for use by a single process

 use MCE::Shared::Hash;

 tie my %ha, "MCE::Shared::Hash";

 # construction for sharing with other threads and processes

 use MCE::Shared;

 tie my %ha, "MCE::Shared";

 # usage

 my $val;

 if ( !defined ( $val = $ha{some_key} ) ) {
    $val = $ha{some_key} = "some_value";
 }

 $ha{some_key} = 0;

 tied(%ha)->incrby("some_key", 20);
 tied(%ha)->incrby(some_key => 20);

SYNTAX for QUERY STRING

Several methods take a query string for an argument. The format of the string is described below. In the context of sharing, the query mechanism is beneficial for the shared-manager process. It is able to perform the query where the data resides versus the client-process grep locally involving lots of IPC.

 o Basic demonstration

   @keys = $ha->keys( "query string given here" );
   @keys = $ha->keys( "val =~ /pattern/" );

 o Supported operators: =~ !~ eq ne lt le gt ge == != < <= > >=
 o Multiple expressions delimited by :AND or :OR, mixed case allowed

   "key eq 'some key' :or (val > 5 :and val < 9)"
   "key eq some key :or (val > 5 :and val < 9)"
   "key =~ /pattern/i :And val =~ /pattern/i"
   "val eq foo baz :OR key !~ /pattern/i"

   * key matches on keys in the hash
   * likewise, val matches on values

 o Quoting is optional inside the string

   "key =~ /pattern/i :AND val eq 'foo bar'"   # val eq "foo bar"
   "key =~ /pattern/i :AND val eq foo bar"     # val eq "foo bar"

Examples.

 # search capability key/val: =~ !~ eq ne lt le gt ge == != < <= > >=
 # key/val means to match against actual key/val respectively

 @keys  = $ha->keys( "key eq 'some key' :or (val > 5 :and val < 9)" );
 @keys  = $ha->keys( "key eq some key :or (val > 5 :and val < 9)" );

 @keys  = $ha->keys( "key =~ /$pattern/i" );
 @keys  = $ha->keys( "key !~ /$pattern/i" );
 @keys  = $ha->keys( "val =~ /$pattern/i" );
 @keys  = $ha->keys( "val !~ /$pattern/i" );

 %pairs = $ha->pairs( "key == $number" );
 %pairs = $ha->pairs( "key != $number :and val > 100" );
 %pairs = $ha->pairs( "key <  $number :or key > $number" );
 %pairs = $ha->pairs( "val <= $number" );
 %pairs = $ha->pairs( "val >  $number" );
 %pairs = $ha->pairs( "val >= $number" );

 @vals  = $ha->vals( "key eq $string" );
 @vals  = $ha->vals( "key ne $string with space" );
 @vals  = $ha->vals( "key lt $string :or val =~ /$pat1|$pat2/" );
 @vals  = $ha->vals( "val le $string :and val eq 'foo bar'" );
 @vals  = $ha->vals( "val le $string :and val eq foo bar" );
 @vals  = $ha->vals( "val gt $string" );
 @vals  = $ha->vals( "val ge $string" );

API DOCUMENTATION

This module may involve TIE when accessing the object via hash-like behavior. Only shared instances are impacted if doing so. Although likely fast enough for many use cases, the OO interface is recommended for best performance.

MCE::Shared::Hash->new ( key, value [, key, value, ... ] )

MCE::Shared->hash ( key, value [, key, value, ... ] )

Constructs a new object, with an optional list of key-value pairs.

 # non-shared or local construction for use by a single process

 use MCE::Shared::Hash;

 $ha = MCE::Shared::Hash->new( @pairs );
 $ha = MCE::Shared::Hash->new( );

 # construction for sharing with other threads and processes

 use MCE::Shared;

 $ha = MCE::Shared->hash( @pairs );
 $ha = MCE::Shared->hash( );

assign ( key, value [, key, value, ... ] )

Clears the hash, then sets multiple key-value pairs and returns the number of keys stored in the hash. This is equivalent to "clear", "mset".

 $len = $ha->assign( "key1" => "val1", "key2" => "val2" );  # 2
 $len = %{$ha} = ( "key1" => "val1", "key2" => "val2" );    # 4

API available since 1.007.

clear

Removes all key-value pairs from the hash.

 $ha->clear;
 %{$ha} = ();

clone ( key [, key, ... ] )

Creates a shallow copy, a "MCE::Shared::Hash" object. It returns an exact copy if no arguments are given. Otherwise, the object includes only the given keys. Keys that do not exist in the hash will have the "undef" value.

 $ha2 = $ha->clone( "key1", "key2" );
 $ha2 = $ha->clone;

delete ( key )

Deletes and returns the value by given key or "undef" if the key does not exists in the hash.

 $val = $ha->delete( "some_key" );
 $val = delete $ha->{ "some_key" };

del

"del" is an alias for "delete".

exists ( key )

Determines if a key exists in the hash.

 if ( $ha->exists( "some_key" ) ) { ... }
 if ( exists $ha->{ "some_key" } ) { ... }

flush ( key [, key, ... ] )

Same as "clone". Though, clears all existing items before returning.

get ( key )

Gets the value of a hash key or "undef" if the key does not exists.

 $val = $ha->get( "some_key" );
 $val = $ha->{ "some_key" };

iterator ( key [, key, ... ] )

Returns a code reference for iterating a list of key-value pairs stored in the hash when no arguments are given. Otherwise, returns a code reference for iterating the given keys in the same order. Keys that do not exist will have the "undef" value.

The list of keys to return is set when the closure is constructed. Later keys added to the hash are not included. Subsequently, the "undef" value is returned for deleted keys.

 $iter = $ha->iterator;
 $iter = $ha->iterator( "key1", "key2" );

 while ( my ( $key, $val ) = $iter->() ) {
    ...
 }

iterator ( "query string" )

Returns a code reference for iterating a list of key-value pairs that match the given criteria. It returns an empty list if the search found nothing. The syntax for the "query string" is described above.

 $iter = $ha->iterator( "val eq some_value" );
 $iter = $ha->iterator( "key eq some_key :AND val =~ /sun|moon|air|wind/" );
 $iter = $ha->iterator( "val eq sun :OR val eq moon :OR val eq foo" );
 $iter = $ha->iterator( "key =~ /$pattern/" );

 while ( my ( $key, $val ) = $iter->() ) {
    ...
 }

keys ( key [, key, ... ] )

Returns all keys in the hash when no arguments are given. Otherwise, returns the given keys in the same order. Keys that do not exist will have the "undef" value. In scalar context, returns the size of the hash.

 @keys = $ha->keys( "key1", "key2" );

 @keys = $ha->keys;     # faster
 @keys = keys %{$ha};   # involves TIE overhead

 $len  = $ha->keys;     # ditto
 $len  = keys %{$ha};

keys ( "query string" )

Returns only keys that match the given criteria. It returns an empty list if the search found nothing. The syntax for the "query string" is described above. In scalar context, returns the size of the resulting list.

 @keys = $ha->keys( "val eq some_value" );
 @keys = $ha->keys( "key eq some_key :AND val =~ /sun|moon|air|wind/" );
 @keys = $ha->keys( "val eq sun :OR val eq moon :OR val eq foo" );
 $len  = $ha->keys( "key =~ /$pattern/" );

len ( key )

Returns the size of the hash when no arguments are given. For the given key, returns the length of the value stored at key or the "undef" value if the key does not exists.

 $size = $ha->len;
 $len  = $ha->len( "key1" );
 $len  = length $ha->{ "key1" };

mdel ( key [, key, ... ] )

Deletes one or more keys in the hash and returns the number of keys deleted. A given key which does not exist in the hash is not counted.

 $cnt = $ha->mdel( "key1", "key2" );

mexists ( key [, key, ... ] )

Returns a true value if all given keys exists in the hash. A false value is returned otherwise.

 if ( $ha->mexists( "key1", "key2" ) ) { ... }

mget ( key [, key, ... ] )

Gets the values of all given keys. It returns "undef" for keys which do not exists in the hash.

 ( $val1, $val2 ) = $ha->mget( "key1", "key2" );

mset ( key, value [, key, value, ... ] )

Sets multiple key-value pairs in a hash and returns the number of keys stored in the hash.

 $len = $ha->mset( "key1" => "val1", "key2" => "val2" );

merge

"merge" is an alias for "mset".

pairs ( key [, key, ... ] )

Returns key-value pairs in the hash when no arguments are given. Otherwise, returns key-value pairs for the given keys in the same order. Keys that do not exist will have the "undef" value. In scalar context, returns the size of the hash.

 @pairs = $ha->pairs( "key1", "key2" );

 @pairs = $ha->pairs;
 $len   = $ha->pairs;

pairs ( "query string" )

Returns only key-value pairs that match the given criteria. It returns an empty list if the search found nothing. The syntax for the "query string" is described above. In scalar context, returns the size of the resulting list.

 @pairs = $ha->pairs( "val eq some_value" );
 @pairs = $ha->pairs( "key eq some_key :AND val =~ /sun|moon|air|wind/" );
 @pairs = $ha->pairs( "val eq sun :OR val eq moon :OR val eq foo" );
 $len   = $ha->pairs( "key =~ /$pattern/" );

pipeline ( [ func1, @args ], [ func2, @args ], ... )

Combines multiple commands for the object to be processed serially. For shared objects, the call is made atomically due to single IPC to the shared-manager process. The "pipeline" method is fully "wantarray"-aware and receives a list of commands and their arguments. In scalar or list context, it returns data from the last command in the pipeline.

 @vals = $ha->pipeline(                     # ( "a_a", "b_b", "c_c" )
    [ "set", foo => "a_a" ],
    [ "set", bar => "b_b" ],
    [ "set", baz => "c_c" ],
    [ "mget", qw/ foo bar baz / ]
 );

 $len = $ha->pipeline(                      # 3, same as $ha->len
    [ "set", foo => "i_i" ],
    [ "set", bar => "j_j" ],
    [ "set", baz => "k_k" ],
    [ "len" ]
 );

 $ha->pipeline(
    [ "set", foo => "m_m" ],
    [ "set", bar => "n_n" ],
    [ "set", baz => "o_o" ]
 );

Current API available since 1.809.

pipeline_ex ( [ func1, @args ], [ func2, @args ], ... )

Same as "pipeline", but returns data for every command in the pipeline.

 @vals = $ha->pipeline_ex(                  # ( "a_a", "b_b", "c_c" )
    [ "set", foo => "a_a" ],
    [ "set", bar => "b_b" ],
    [ "set", baz => "c_c" ]
 );

Current API available since 1.809.

set ( key, value )

Sets the value of the given hash key and returns its new value.

 $val = $ha->set( "key", "value" );
 $val = $ha->{ "key" } = "value";

setnx ( key, value )

Sets the value of a hash key, only if the key does not exist. Returns a 1 for new key or 0 if the key already exists and no operation was performed.

 $ret = $ha->setnx( "key", "value" );

Current API available since 1.872.

values ( key [, key, ... ] )

Returns all values in the hash when no arguments are given. Otherwise, returns values for the given keys in the same order. Keys that do not exist will have the "undef" value. In scalar context, returns the size of the hash.

 @vals = $ha->values( "key1", "key2" );

 @vals = $ha->values;     # faster
 @vals = values %{$ha};   # involves TIE overhead

 $len  = $ha->values;     # ditto
 $len  = values %{$ha};

values ( "query string" )

Returns only values that match the given criteria. It returns an empty list if the search found nothing. The syntax for the "query string" is described above. In scalar context, returns the size of the resulting list.

 @vals = $ha->values( "val eq some_value" );
 @vals = $ha->values( "key eq some_key :AND val =~ /sun|moon|air|wind/" );
 @vals = $ha->values( "val eq sun :OR val eq moon :OR val eq foo" );
 $len  = $ha->values( "key =~ /$pattern/" );

vals

"vals" is an alias for "values".

SUGAR METHODS

This module is equipped with sugar methods to not have to call "set" and "get" explicitly. In shared context, the benefit is atomicity and reduction in inter-process communication.

The API resembles a subset of the Redis primitives <http://redis.io/commands#strings> with key representing the hash key.