NAME

Moose::Cookbook::Basics::BinaryTree_BuilderAndLazyBuild - Builder methods and lazy_build

VERSION

version 2.2201

SYNOPSIS

  package BinaryTree;
  use Moose;

  has 'node' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Any');

  has 'parent' => (
      is        => 'rw',
      isa       => 'BinaryTree',
      predicate => 'has_parent',
      weak_ref  => 1,
  );

  has 'left' => (
      is        => 'rw',
      isa       => 'BinaryTree',
      predicate => 'has_left',
      lazy      => 1,
      builder   => '_build_child_tree',
  );

  has 'right' => (
      is        => 'rw',
      isa       => 'BinaryTree',
      predicate => 'has_right',
      lazy      => 1,
      builder   => '_build_child_tree',
  );

  before 'right', 'left' => sub {
      my ($self, $tree) = @_;
      $tree->parent($self) if defined $tree;
  };

  sub _build_child_tree {
      my $self = shift;

      return BinaryTree->new( parent => $self );
  }

DESCRIPTION

If you've already read Moose::Cookbook::Basics::BinaryTree_AttributeFeatures, then this example should look very familiar. In fact, all we've done here is replace the attribute's "default" parameter with a "builder".

In this particular case, the "default" and "builder" options act in exactly the same way. When the "left" or "right" attribute is read, Moose calls the builder method to initialize the attribute.

Note that Moose calls the builder method on the object which has the attribute. Here's an example:

  my $tree = BinaryTree->new();

  my $left = $tree->left();

When "$tree->left()" is called, Moose calls "$tree->_build_child_tree()" in order to populate the "left" attribute. If we had passed "left" to the original constructor, the builder would not be called.

There are some differences between "default" and "builder". Notably, a builder is subclassable, and can be composed from a role. See Moose::Manual::Attributes for more details.

The lazy_build shortcut

The "lazy_build" attribute option can be used as sugar to specify a whole set of attribute options at once:

  has 'animal' => (
      is         => 'ro',
      isa        => 'Animal',
      lazy_build => 1,
  );

This is a shorthand for:

  has 'animal' => (
      is        => 'ro',
      isa       => 'Animal',
      required  => 1,
      lazy      => 1,
      builder   => '_build_animal',
      predicate => 'has_animal',
      clearer   => 'clear_animal',
  );

If your attribute starts with an underscore, Moose is smart and will do the right thing with the "predicate" and "clearer", making them both start with an underscore. The "builder" method always starts with an underscore.

You can read more about "lazy_build" in Moose::Meta::Attribute

CONCLUSION

The "builder" option is a more OO-friendly version of the "default" functionality. It also separates the default-generating code into a well-defined method. Sprinkling your attribute definitions with anonymous subroutines can be quite ugly and hard to follow.

AUTHORS

Stevan Little <stevan@cpan.org>
Dave Rolsky <autarch@urth.org>
Jesse Luehrs <doy@cpan.org>
Shawn M Moore <sartak@cpan.org>
יובל קוג'מן (Yuval Kogman) <nothingmuch@woobling.org>
Karen Etheridge <ether@cpan.org>
Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
Hans Dieter Pearcey <hdp@cpan.org>
Chris Prather <chris@prather.org>
Matt S Trout <mstrout@cpan.org>

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.