NAME

Net::Subnet - Fast IP-in-subnet matcher for IPv4 and IPv6, CIDR or mask.

SYNOPSIS

    use Net::Subnet;

    # CIDR notation
    my $is_rfc1918 = subnet_matcher qw(
        10.0.0.0/8
        172.16.0.0/12
        192.168.0.0/16
    );

    # Subnet mask notation
    my $is_rfc1918 = subnet_matcher qw(
        10.0.0.0/255.0.0.0
        172.16.0.0/255.240.0.0
        192.168.0.0/255.255.0.0
    );

    print $is_rfc1918->('192.168.1.1') ? 'yes' : 'no';  # prints "yes"
    print $is_rfc1918->('8.8.8.8')     ? 'yes' : 'no';  # prints "no"

    # Mixed IPv4 and IPv6
    my $in_office_network = subnet_matcher qw(
        192.168.1.0/24
        2001:db8:1337::/48
    );

    $x = $in_office_network->('192.168.1.1');            # $x is true
    $x = $in_office_network->('2001:db8:dead:beef::5');  # $x is false

    my $classifier = subnet_classifier qw(
        192.168.1.0/24
        2001:db8:1337::/48
        10.0.0.0/255.0.0.0
    );

    $x = $classifier->('192.168.1.250');        # $x is '192.168.1.0/24'
    $x = $classifier->('2001:db8:1337::babe');  # $x is '2001:db8:1337::/48'
    $x = $classifier->('10.2.127.1');           # $x is '10.0.0.0/255.0.0.0'
    $x = $classifier->('8.8.8.8');              # $x is undef

    # More specific subnets (smaller subnets) must be listed first
    my @subnets = sort_subnets(
        '192.168.0.0/24',  # second
        '192.168.0.1/32',  # first
        '192.168.0.0/16',  # third
    );
    my $classifier = subnet_classifier @subnets;

DESCRIPTION

This is a simple but fast pure Perl module for determining whether a given IP address is in a given set of IP subnets. It's iterative, and it doesn't use any fancy tries, but because it uses simple bitwise operations on strings it's still very fast.

All documented functions are exported by default.

Subnets have to be given in "address/mask" or "address/length" (CIDR) format. The Socket and Socket6 modules are used to normalise addresses, which means that any of the address formats supported by inet_aton and inet_pton can be used with Net::Subnet.

FUNCTIONS

subnet_matcher(@subnets)

Returns a reference to a function that returns true if the given IP address is in @subnets, false it it's not.

subnet_classifier(@subnets)

Returns a reference to a function that returns the element from @subnets that matches the given IP address, or undef if none matched.

sort_subnets(@subnets)

Returns @subnets in reverse order of prefix length and prefix; use this with subnet_matcher or subnet_classifier if your subnet list has overlapping ranges and it's not already sorted most-specific-first.

TRICKS

Generating PTR records for IPv6

If you need to classify an IP address, but want some other value than the original subnet string, just use a hash. You could even use code references; here's an example of how to generate dynamic reverse DNS records for IPv6 addresses:

    my %ptr = (
        '2001:db8:1337:d00d::/64' => sub {
            my $hostname = get_machine_name(shift);
            return $hostname =~ /\.$/ ? $hostname : "$hostname.example.org.";
        },
        '2001:db8:1337:babe::/64' => sub {
            my $hostname = get_machine_name(shift);
            return $hostname =~ /\.$/ ? $hostname : "$hostname.example.net.";
        },
        '::/0' => sub {
            (my $ip = shift) =~ s/:/x/g;
            return "$ip.unknown.example.com.";
        },
    );
    my $classifier = subnet_classifier sort_subnets keys %ptr;

    while (my $ip = readline) {
        # We get IP adresses from STDIN and return the hostnames on STDOUT

        print $ptr{ $classifier->($ip) }->($ip), "\n";
    }

Matching ::ffff:192.168.1.200

IPv4 subnets only match IPv4 addresses. If you need to match IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses, i.e. IPv4 addresses with "::ffff:" stuck in front of them, simply remove that part before matching:

    my $matcher = subnet_matcher qw(192.168.1.0/22);
    $ip =~ s/^::ffff://;
    my $boolean = $matcher->($ip);

Alternatively, translate the subnet definition to IPv6 notation: "1.2.3.0/24" becomes "::ffff:1.2.3.0/120". If you do this, hexadecimal addresses such as "::ffff:102:304" will also match, but IPv4 addresses without "::ffff:" will no longer match unless you include "1.2.3.0/24" as well.

    my $matcher = subnet_matcher qw(::ffff:192.168.1.0/118 192.168.1.0/22);
    my $boolean = $matcher->($ip);

CAVEATS

No argument verification is done; garbage in, garbage out. If you give it hostnames, DNS may be used to resolve them, courtesy of the Socket and Socket6 modules.

AUTHOR

Juerd Waalboer <juerd#@tnx.nl>

LICENSE

This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.