NAME

Net::XMPP2::Writer - "XML" writer for XMPP

SYNOPSIS

   use Net::XMPP2::Writer;
   ...

DESCRIPTION

This module contains some helper functions for writing XMPP "XML", which is not real XML at all ;-( I use XML::Writer and tune it until it creates "XML" that is accepted by most servers propably (all of the XMPP servers I tested should work (jabberd14, jabberd2, ejabberd, googletalk).

I hope the semantics of XML::Writer don't change much over the future, but if they do and you run into problems, please report them!

The whole "XML" concept of XMPP is fundamentally broken anyway. It's supposed to be an subset of XML. But a subset of XML productions is not XML. Strictly speaking you need a special XMPP "XML" parser and writer to be 100% conformant.

On top of that XMPP requires you to parse these partial "XML" documents. But a partial XML document is not well-formed, heck, it's not even a XML document!. And a parser should bail out with an error. But XMPP doesn't care, it just relies on implementation dependend behaviour of chunked parsing modes for SAX parsing. This functionality isn't even specified by the XML recommendation in any way. The recommendation even says that it's undefined what happens if you process not-well-formed XML documents.

But I try to be as "XML" XMPP conformant as possible (it should be around 99-100%). But it's hard to say what XML is conformant, as the specifications of XMPP "XML" and XML are contradicting. For example XMPP also says you only have to generated and accept utf-8 encodings of XML, but the XML recommendation says that each parser has to accept utf-8 and utf-16. So, what do you do? Do you use a XML conformant parser or do you write your own?

I'm using XML::Parser::Expat because expat knows how to parse broken (aka 'partial') "XML" documents, as XMPP requires. Another argument is that if you capture a XMPP conversation to the end, and even if a '</stream:stream>' tag was captured, you wont have a valid XML document. The problem is that you have to resent a <stream> tag after TLS and SASL authentication each! Awww... I'm repeating myself.

But well... Net::XMPP2 does it's best with expat to cope with the fundamental brokeness of "XML" in XMPP.

Back to the issue with "XML" generation: I've discoverd that many XMPP servers (eg. jabberd14 and ejabberd) have problems with XML namespaces. Thats the reason why I'm assigning the namespace prefixes manually: The servers just don't accept validly namespaced XML. The draft 3921bis does even state that a client SHOULD generate a 'stream' prefix for the <stream> tag.

I advice you to explictly set the namespaces too if you generate "XML" for XMPP yourself, at least until all or most of the XMPP servers have been fixed. Which might take some years :-) And maybe will happen never.

And another note: As XMPP requires all predefined entity characters to be escaped in character data you need a "XML" writer that will escape everything:

   RFC 3920 - 11.1.  Restrictions:
     character data or attribute values containing unescaped characters
     that map to the predefined entities (Section 4.6 therein);
     such characters MUST be escaped

This means: You have to escape '>' in the character data. I don't know whether XML::Writer does that. And I honestly don't care much about this. XMPP is broken by design and I have barely time to writer my own XML parsers and writers to suit their sick taste of "XML". (Do I repeat myself?)

I would be happy if they finally say (in RFC3920): "XMPP is NOT XML. It's just XML-like, and some XML utilities allow you to process this kind of XML.".

METHODS

new (%args)

This methods takes following arguments:

init

(Re)initializes the writer.

flush ()

This method flushes the internal write buffer and will invoke the "write_cb" callback. (see also "new ()" above)

send_init_stream ($language, $domain, $namespace)

This method will generate a XMPP stream header. $domain has to be the domain of the server (or endpoint) we want to connect to.

$namespace is the namespace uri or the tag (from Net::XMPP2::Namespaces) for the stream namespace. (This is used by Net::XMPP2::Component to connect as component to a server). $namespace can also be undefined, in this case the "client" namespace will be used.

send_whitespace_ping

This method sends a single space to the server.

send_handshake ($streamid, $secret)

This method sends a component handshake. Please note that $secret must be XML escaped!

send_end_of_stream

Sends end of the stream.

send_sasl_auth ($mechanisms)

This methods sends the start of a SASL authentication. $mechanisms is a string with space seperated mechanisms that are supported by the other end.

send_sasl_response ($challenge)

This method generated the SASL authentication response to a $challenge. You must not call this method without calling "send_sasl_auth ()" before.

send_starttls

Sends the starttls command to the server.

send_iq ($id, $type, $create_cb, %attrs)

This method sends an IQ stanza of type $type (to be compliant only use: 'get', 'set', 'result' and 'error').

If $create_cb is a code reference it will be called with an XML::Writer instance as first argument, which must be used to fill the IQ stanza. The XML::Writer is in UNSAFE mode, so you can safely use raw() to write out XML.

$create_cb is a hash reference the hash will be used as key=>value arguments for the "simxml" function defined in Net::XMPP2::Util. "simxml" will then be used to generate the contents of the IQ stanza. (This is very convenient when you want to write the contents of stanzas in the code and don't want to build a DOM tree yourself...).

If $create_cb is an array reference it's elements will be interpreted as single $create_cb argument (which can either be a hash reference or code reference themself) and executed sequencially.

If $create_cb is undefined an empty tag will be generated.

Example:

   $writer->send_iq ('newid', 'get', {
      defns => 'version',
      node  => { name => 'query', ns => 'version' }
   }, to => 'jabber.org')
    

%attrs should have further attributes for the IQ stanza tag. For example 'to' or 'from'. If the %attrs contain a 'lang' attribute it will be put into the 'xml' namespace. If the 'to' attribute contains an undef it will be omitted.

$id is the id to give this IQ stanza and is mandatory in this API.

Please note that all attribute values and character data will be filtered by "filter_xml_chars" (see also Net::XMPP2::Util).

send_presence ($id, $type, $create_cb, %attrs)

Sends a presence stanza.

$create_cb has the same meaning as for "send_iq". %attrs will let you pass further optional arguments like 'to'.

$type is the type of the presence, which may be one of:

   unavailable, subscribe, subscribed, unsubscribe, unsubscribed, probe, error
    

Or undef, in case you want to send a 'normal' presence. Or something completly different if you don't like the RFC 3921 :-)

%attrs contains further attributes for the presence tag or may contain one of the following exceptional keys:

If %attrs contains a 'show' key: a child xml tag with that name will be geenerated with the value as the content, which should be one of 'away', 'chat', 'dnd' and 'xa'.

If %attrs contains a 'status' key: a child xml tag with that name will be generated with the value as content. If the value of the 'status' key is an hash reference the keys will be interpreted as language identifiers for the xml:lang attribute of each status element. If one of these keys is the empty string '' no xml:lang attribute will be generated for it. The values will be the character content of the status tags.

If %attrs contains a 'priority' key: a child xml tag with that name will be generated with the value as content, which must be a number between -128 and +127.

Note: If $create_cb is undefined and one of the above attributes (show, status or priority) were given, the generates presence tag won't be empty.

Please note that all attribute values and character data will be filtered by "filter_xml_chars" (see also Net::XMPP2::Util).

send_message ($id, $to, $type, $create_cb, %attrs)

Sends a message stanza.

$to is the destination JID of the message. $type is the type of the message, and if $type is undefined it will default to 'chat'. $type must be one of the following: 'chat', 'error', 'groupchat', 'headline' or 'normal'.

$create_cb has the same meaning as in "send_iq".

%attrs contains further attributes for the message tag or may contain one of the following exceptional keys:

If %attrs contains a 'body' key: a child xml tag with that name will be generated with the value as content. If the value of the 'body' key is an hash reference the keys will be interpreted as language identifiers for the xml:lang attribute of each body element. If one of these keys is the empty string '' no xml:lang attribute will be generated for it. The values will be the character content of the body tags.

If %attrs contains a 'subject' key: a child xml tag with that name will be generated with the value as content. If the value of the 'subject' key is an hash reference the keys will be interpreted as language identifiers for the xml:lang attribute of each subject element. If one of these keys is the empty string '' no xml:lang attribute will be generated for it. The values will be the character content of the subject tags.

If %attrs contains a 'thread' key: a child xml tag with that name will be generated and the value will be the character content.

Please note that all attribute values and character data will be filtered by "filter_xml_chars" (see also Net::XMPP2::Util).

write_error_tag ($error_stanza_node, $error_type, $error)

$error_type is one of 'cancel', 'continue', 'modify', 'auth' and 'wait'. $error is the name of the error tag child element. If $error is one of the following:

   'bad-request', 'conflict', 'feature-not-implemented', 'forbidden', 'gone',
   'internal-server-error', 'item-not-found', 'jid-malformed', 'not-acceptable',
   'not-allowed', 'not-authorized', 'payment-required', 'recipient-unavailable',
   'redirect', 'registration-required', 'remote-server-not-found',
   'remote-server-timeout', 'resource-constraint', 'service-unavailable',
   'subscription-required', 'undefined-condition', 'unexpected-request'
    

then a default can be select for $error_type, and the argument can be undefined.

Note: This method is currently a bit limited in the generation of the xml for the errors, if you need more please contact me.

AUTHOR

Robin Redeker, "<elmex at ta-sa.org>", JID: "<elmex at jabber.org>"

COPYRIGHT & LICENSE

Copyright 2007 Robin Redeker, all rights reserved.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.