NAME

PDF::Builder::Annotation - Add annotations to a PDF

METHODS

Note that the handling of annotations can vary from Reader to Reader. The available icon set may be larger or smaller than given here, and some Readers activate an annotation on a single mouse click, while others require a double click. Not all features provided here may be available on all PDF Readers.

$annotation = PDF::Builder::Annotation->new(): Returns an annotation object (called from $page->annotation()).
It is normally not necessary to explicitly call this method (see examples).

Annotation types

$annotation->link($page, %options)

$annotation->link($page)

Defines the annotation as a launch-page with page $page (within this document) and options %options (-rect, -border, -color, fit: see descriptions below).

Note that $page is not a simple page number, but is a page structure such as "$pdf->openpage(page_number)".

$annotation->pdf_file($pdffile, $page_number, %options)

Defines the annotation as a PDF-file with filepath $pdffile, on page $page_number, and options %options (-rect, -border, -color, fit: see descriptions below). This differs from the "link" call in that the target is found in a different PDF file, not the current document.

$page_number is the physical page number, starting at 1: 1, 2,...

$annotation->file($file, %options)

Defines the annotation as a launch-file with filepath $file (a local file) and options %options (-rect, -border, -color: see descriptions below). How the file is displayed depends on the operating system, type of file, and local configuration or mapping.

$annotation->url($url, %options)

Defines the annotation as a launch-url with url $url and options %options (-rect, -border, -color: see descriptions below). This page is usually brought up in a browser, and may be remote.

$annotation->text($text, %options)

Defines the annotation as a text note with content string $text and options %options (-rect, -color, -text, -open: see descriptions below). The $text may include newlines \n for multiple lines.

"-text" is the popup's label string, not to be confused with the main $text.

The icon appears in the upper left corner of the "-rect" selection rectangle, and its active clickable area is fixed by the icon (it is not equal to the rectangle). The icon size is fixed, and its fill color set by "-color".

Additional options:

-icon => name_string
-icon => reference: Specify the icon to be used. The default is Reader-specific (usually "Note"), and others may be defined by the Reader. "Comment", "Key", "Help", "NewParagraph", "Paragraph", and "Insert" are also supposed to be available on all PDF Readers. Note that the name case must exactly match. The icon is of fixed size. Any AP dictionary entry will override the -icon setting.
A reference to an icon may be passed instead of a name.
-opacity => value: Define the opacity (non-transparency, opaqueness) of the icon. This value ranges from 0.0 (transparent) to 1.0 (fully opaque), and applies to both the outline and the fill color. The default is 1.0.

$annotation->markup($text, $PointList, $highlight, %options)

Defines the annotation as a text note with content string $text and options %options (-rect, -color, -text, -open: see descriptions below). The $text may include newlines \n for multiple lines.

"-text" is the popup's label string, not to be confused with the main $text.

There is no icon. Instead, the annotated text marked by $PointList is highlighted in one of four ways specified by $highlight.

$PointList => [ 8n numbers ]: One or more sets of numeric coordinates are given, defining the quadrilateral (usually a rectangle) around the text to be highlighted and selectable (clickable, to bring up the annotation text). These are four sets of "x,y" coordinates, given (for Left-to-Right text) as the upper bound Upper Left to Upper Right and then the lower bound Lower Left to Lower Right. Note that this is different from what is (erroneously) documented in the PDF specification! It is important that the coordinates be given in this order.
Multiple sets of quadrilateral corners may be given, such as for highlighted text that wraps around to new line(s). The minimum is one set (8 numbers). Any AP dictionary entry will override the $PointList setting. Finally, the "Rect" selection rectangle is created just outside the convex bounding box defined by $PointList.
$highlight => 'string': The following highlighting effects are permitted. The "string" must be spelled and capitalized exactly as given:

Highlight: The effect of a translucent "highlighter" marker.
Squiggly: The effect is an underline written in a "squiggly" manner.
StrikeOut: The text is struck-through with a straight line.
Underline: The text is marked by a straight underline.

-color => array of values: If "-color" is not given (an array of numbers in the range 0.0-1.0), a medium gray should be used by default. Named colors are not supported at this time.
-opacity => value: Define the opacity (non-transparency, opaqueness) of the icon. This value ranges from 0.0 (transparent) to 1.0 (fully opaque), and applies to both the outline and the fill color. The default is 1.0.

$annotation->movie($file, $contentType, %options)

Defines the annotation as a movie from $file with content (MIME) type $contentType and options %options (-rect, -border, -color: see descriptions below).

The "-rect" rectangle also serves as the area where the movie is played, so it should be of usable size and aspect ratio. It does not use a separate popup player. It is known to play .avi and .wav files -- others have not been tested. Using Adobe Reader, it will not play .mpg files (unsupported type). More work is probably needed on this annotation method.

$annotation->file_attachment($file, %options)

Defines the annotation as a file attachment with file $file and options %options (-rect, -color: see descriptions below). Note that "-color" applies to the icon fill color, not to a selectable area outline. The icon is resized (including aspect ratio changes) based on the selectable rectangle given by "-rect", so watch your rectangle dimensions!

The file, along with its name, is embedded in the PDF document and may be extracted for viewing with the appropriate viewer.

This differs from the "file" method in that "file" looks for and launches a file already on the Reader's machine, while "file_attachment" embeds the file in the PDF, and makes it available on the Reader's machine for actions of the user's choosing.

Note 1: some Readers may only permit an "open" action, and may also restrict file types (extensions) that will be handled. This may be configurable with your Reader's security settings.

Note 2: the displayed file name (pop-up during mouse rollover of the target rectangle) is given with the path trimmed off (file name only). If you want the displayed name to exactly match the path that was passed to the call, including the path, give the "-notrimpath" option.

Options:

-icon => name_string
-icon => reference: Specify the icon to be used. The default is Reader-specific (usually "PushPin"), and others may be defined by the Reader. "Paperclip", "Graph", and "Tag" are also supposed to be available on all PDF Readers. Note that the name case must exactly match. "None" is a custom invisible icon defined by PDF::Builder. The icon is stretched/squashed to fill the defined target rectangle, so take care when defining "-rect" dimensions. Any AP dictionary entry will override the -icon setting.
A reference to an icon may be passed instead of a name.
-opacity => value: Define the opacity (non-transparency, opaqueness) of the icon. This value ranges from 0.0 (transparent) to 1.0 (fully opaque), and applies to both the outline and the fill color. The default is 1.0.
-notrimpath => 1: If given, show the entire path and file name on mouse rollover, rather than just the file name.
-text => string: A text label for the popup (on mouseover) that contains the file name.

Note that while PDF permits different specifications (paths) to DOS/Windows, Mac, and Unix (including Linux) versions of a file, and different format copies to be embedded, at this time PDF::Builder only permits a single file (format of your choice) to be embedded. If there is user demand for multiple file formats to be referenced and/or embedded, we could look into providing this, although separate OS version paths may be considered obsolescent!.

Internal routines and common options

$annotation->rect($llx,$lly, $urx,$ury)

Sets the rectangle (active click area) of the annotation, given by -rect option. This is any pair of diagonally opposite corners of the rectangle.

The default clickable area is the icon itself.

Defining option. Note that this "option" is actually required.

-rect => [LLx, LLy, URx, URy]: Set annotation rectangle at "[LLx,LLy]" to "[URx,URy]" (lower left and upper right coordinates). LL to UR is customary, but any diagonal is allowed.

$annotation->border(@b)

Sets the border-style of the annotation, if applicable, as given by the -border option. There are three entries in the array: horizontal and vertical corner radii, and border width.

A border is used in annotations where text or some other material is put down, and a clickable rectangle is defined over it (-rect). A border is not used when an icon is being used to mark the clickable area.

The default is [0 0 1] (solid line of width 1, with sharp corners).

Defining option:

-border => [CRh, CRv, W]
-border => [CRh, CRv, W [, on, off...]]: Set annotation border style of horizontal and vertical corner radii "CRh" and "CRv" (value 0 for squared corners) and width "W" (value 0 for no border). The default is squared corners and a solid line of width 1 ([0 0 1]). Optionally, a dash pattern array may be given ("on" length, "off" length, as one or more pairs). The default is a solid line.
The border vector seems to ignore the first two settings (corner radii), but the line thickness works, on basic Readers. The radii may work on some other Readers.

$annotation->content(@lines)

Sets the text-content of the "text()" annotation. This is a text string or array of strings.

$annotation->open($bool)

Display the "text()" annotation either open or closed, if applicable.

Both are editable; the "open" form brings up the page with the entry area already open for editing, while "closed" has to be clicked on to edit it.

Defining option:

-open => boolean: If true (1), the annotation will be marked as initially "open". If false (0), or the option is not given, the annotation is initially "closed".

$annotation->dest($page, fit_setting): For certain annotation types ("link" or "pdf_file"), the fit_setting specifies how the content of the page $page is to be fit to the window, while preserving its aspect ratio. These fit settings are:

-fit => 1: Display the page with its contents magnified just enough to fit the entire page within the window both horizontally and vertically. If the required horizontal and vertical magnification factors are different, use the smaller of the two, centering the page within the window in the other dimension.
-fith => $top: Display the page with the vertical coordinate $top positioned at the top edge of the window and the contents of the page magnified just enough to fit the entire width of the page within the window.
-fitv => $left: Display the page with the horizontal coordinate $left positioned at the left edge of the window and the contents of the page magnified just enough to fit the entire height of the page within the window.
-fitr => [$left, $bottom, $right, $top]: Display the page with its contents magnified just enough to fit the rectangle specified by the coordinates $left, $bottom, $right, and $top entirely within the window both horizontally and vertically. If the required horizontal and vertical magnification factors are different, use the smaller of the two, centering the rectangle within the window in the other dimension.
-fitb => 1: Display the page with its contents magnified just enough to fit its bounding box entirely within the window both horizontally and vertically. If the required horizontal and vertical magnification factors are different, use the smaller of the two, centering the bounding box within the window in the other dimension.
-fitbh => $top: Display the page with the vertical coordinate $top positioned at the top edge of the window and the contents of the page magnified just enough to fit the entire width of its bounding box within the window.
-fitbv => $left: Display the page with the horizontal coordinate $left positioned at the left edge of the window and the contents of the page magnified just enough to fit the entire height of its bounding box within the window.
-xyz => [$left, $top, $zoom]: Display the page with the coordinates "[$left, $top]" positioned at the top-left corner of the window and the contents of the page magnified by the factor $zoom. A zero (0) value for any of the parameters $left, $top, or $zoom specifies that the current value of that parameter is to be retained unchanged.
This is the default fit setting, with position (left and top) and zoom the same as the calling page's ([undef, undef, undef]).

$annotation->dest($name)

Connect the Annotation to a "Named Destination" defined elsewhere, including the optional desired fit (default: -xyz undef*3).

$annotation->Color(@color)

Set the icon's fill color. The color is an array of 1, 3, or 4 numbers, each in the range 0.0 to 1.0. If 1 number is given, it is the grayscale value (0 = black to 1 = white). If 3 numbers are given, it is an RGB color value. If 4 numbers are given, it is a CMYK color value. Currently, named colors (strings) are not handled.

For link and url annotations, this is the color of the rectangle border (-border given with a width of at least 1).

If an invalid array length or numeric value is given, a medium gray ( [0.5] ) value is used, without any message. If no color is given, the usual fill color is black.

Defining option:

Named colors are not supported at this time.

-color => [ ] or not 1, 3, or 4 numbers 0.0-1.0: A medium gray (0.5 value) will be used if an invalid color is given.
-color => [ g ]: If g is between 0.0 (black) and 1.0 (white), the fill color will be gray.
-color => [ r, g, b ]: If r (red), g (green), and b (blue) are all between 0.0 and 1.0, the fill color will be the defined RGB hue. [ 0, 0, 0 ] is black, [ 1, 1, 0 ] is yellow, and [ 1, 1, 1 ] is white.
-color => [ c, m, y, k ]: If c (red), m (magenta), y (yellow), and k (black) are all between 0.0 and 1.0, the fill color will be the defined CMYK hue. [ 0, 0, 0, 0 ] is white, [ 1, 0, 1, 0 ] is green, and [ 1, 1, 1, 1 ] is black.

-text => string: Specify an optional text label for annotation. This text or comment only shows up as a title in the pop-up containing the file or text.