General Settings

domain

This should be the domain name of the local host. It should not have a leading period, and it should not be a full host address. It is used only if the inn_getfqdn() routine in libinn(3) cannot get the fully qualified domain name by using either the gethostname(3) or getaddrinfo(3) calls. The check is very simple; if either routine returns a name with a period in it, then it is assumed to have the full domain name. As this parameter is rarely used, do not use it to affect the righthand side of autogenerated Message-IDs; see instead virtualhost and domain in readers.conf(5). The default value is unset.

innflags

The flags to pass to innd on startup. See innd(8) for details on the possible flags. The default value is unset.

Note that these flags are only used when innd is started from rc.news or nntpsend.

mailcmd

The path to the program to be used for mailing reports and control messages. The default is pathbin/innmail. This should not normally need to be changed.

mta

The command to use when mailing postings to moderators and for the use of innmail(1). The message, with headers and an added To header field, will be piped into this program. The string %s, if present, will be replaced by the e-mail address of the moderator. It's strongly recommended for this command to include %s on the command line rather than use the addresses in the To and Cc header fields of the message, since the latter approach allows the news server to be abused as a mechanism to send mail to arbitrary addresses and will result in unexpected behavior. There is no default value for this parameter; it must be set in inn.conf or a fatal error message will be logged via syslog.

For most systems, "/usr/lib/sendmail -oi -oem %s" (adjusted for the correct path to sendmail, and between double quotes) is a good choice.

pathhost

What to put into the Path header field to represent the local site. This is added to the Path header field body of all articles that pass through the system, including locally posted articles, and is also used when processing some control messages and when naming the server in status reports. There is no default value; this parameter must be set in inn.conf or INN will not start. A good value to use is the fully qualified hostname of the system.

runasgroup

The group under which the news server will run. The default is "news" (or the group specified at configure time) and should not normally need to be changed.

runasuser

The user under which the news server will run. The default is "news" (or the user specified at configure time) and should not normally need to be changed.

server

The name of the default NNTP server. If nnrpdposthost is not set and UNIX domain sockets are not supported, nnrpd(8) tries to hand off locally-posted articles through an INET domain socket to this server. actsync(8), nntpget(1), and getlist(1) also use this value as the default server to connect to. In the latter cases, the value of the NNTPSERVER environment variable, if it exists, overrides this. The default value is unset.

syntaxchecks

A list of values controlling the level of checks performed by innd and nnrpd. For instance:

    syntaxchecks: [ no-laxmid ]
    

The last occurrence of a given value takes precedence, that is to say if "no-laxmid laxmid" is listed, laxmid takes precedence.

Only one check can currently be enabled/disabled:

Feed Configuration

artcutoff

Articles older than this number of days are dropped. The default value is 10, which means that an incoming article will be rejected if its posting date is farther in the past than ten days.

In order to disable that check on date, you can set this parameter to 0.

The number on the "/remember/" line in expire.ctl should probably be one more than that number in order to take into account articles whose posting date is one day into the future.

bindaddress

Which IP address innd(8) should bind itself to. This must be in dotted-quad format (nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn). If set to "all" or not set, innd defaults to listening on all interfaces. The value of the INND_BIND_ADDRESS environment variable, if set, overrides this setting. The default value is unset.

This parameter has no effect when systemd socket activation is used.

bindaddress6

Like bindaddress but for IPv6 sockets. If only one of the bindaddress and bindaddress6 parameters is used, then only the socket for the corresponding address family is created. If both parameters are used then two sockets are created. If neither of them is used, the list of sockets to listen on will be determined by the system library getaddrinfo(3) function. The value of the INND_BIND_ADDRESS6, if set, overrides this setting. The default value is unset.

Note that you will generally need to put double quotes ("") around this value if you set it, since IPv6 addresses contain colons.

This parameter has no effect when systemd socket activation is used.

docancels

This parameter is intended for sites concerned about abuse of cancels, or that wish to enforce a mechanism to authenticate cancels. Unless rejected by the use of a filter hook, innd always accepts and propagates cancel articles and supersede requests. However, actually processing such articles on the local news server depends on this parameter which can take the following values:

dontrejectfiltered

Normally innd(8) rejects incoming articles when directed to do so by any enabled article filters (Perl or Python). However, this parameter causes such articles not to be rejected; instead filtering can be applied on outbound articles. If this parameter is set, all articles will be accepted on the local machine, but articles rejected by the filter will not be fed to any peers specified in newsfeeds with the "Af" flag. The default value is false.

hiscachesize

If set to a value other than 0, a hash of recently received Message-IDs is kept in memory to speed history lookups. The value is the amount of memory to devote to the cache in kilobytes. The cache is only used for incoming feeds and a small cache can hold quite a few Message-IDs, so large values aren't necessarily useful unless you have incoming feeds that are badly delayed. innreport can provide useful statistics regarding the use of the history cache, especially when it misses. A good value for a system with more than one incoming feed is 256; systems with only one incoming feed should probably set this to 0. The default value is 256.

ignorenewsgroups

Whether newsgroup creation control messages (newgroup and rmgroup) should be fed as if they were posted to the newsgroup they are creating or deleting rather than to the newsgroups listed in the Newsgroups header field. If this parameter is set, the newsgroup affected by the control message will be extracted from the Control header field and the article will be fed as if its Newsgroups header field contained solely that newsgroup. This is useful for routing control messages to peers when they are posted to irrelevant newsgroups that shouldn't be matched against the peer's desired newsgroups in newsfeeds. This is a boolean value and the default is false.

immediatecancel

When using the timecaf storage method, article cancels are normally just cached to be cancelled, not cancelled immediately. If this is set to true, they will instead by cancelled as soon as the cancel is processed. This is a boolean value and the default is false.

This setting is ignored unless the timecaf storage method is used.

linecountfuzz

If set to something other than 0, the line count of the article is checked against the Lines header field body of the article (if present) and the article is rejected if the values differ by more than this amount. A reasonable setting is 5, which is the standard maximum signature length plus one (some injection software calculates the Lines header field before adding the signature). The default value is 0, which tells INN not to check the Lines header field of incoming articles.

maxartsize

The maximum size of article (headers and body) that will be accepted by the server, in bytes. A value of 0 allows any size of article, but note that innd will crash if system memory is exceeded. The default value is 1000000 (approximately 1 MB). This is checked against the article in wire format (CRLF at the end of each line, leading periods protected, and with the trailing "\r\n.\r\n" at the end). See also localmaxartsize.

maxconnections

The maximum number of incoming NNTP connections innd(8) will accept. The default value is 50.

pathalias

If set, this value is prepended to the Path header field body of accepted posts (before pathhost) if it doesn't already appear in the Path header field. The main purpose of this parameter is to configure all news servers within a particular organization to add a common identity string to the Path header field body. The default value is unset.

pathcluster

If set, this value is appended to the Path header field body of accepted posts (after pathhost) if it isn't already present as the last element of the Path header field body. The main purpose of this parameter is to make several news servers appear as one server. The default value is unset.

Note that the Path header field body reads right to left, so appended means inserted at the leftmost side of the Path header field body.

pgpverify

Whether to enable PGP verification of control messages other than cancel. This is a boolean value and the default in the inn.conf sample file is based on whether configure found pgp, pgpv, pgpgpg, gpgv, gpgv1, gpgv2, gpg, gpg1 or gpg2. Note that if the parameter is not present in the configuration file, it defaults to false.

port

What TCP port innd(8) should listen on. The default value is 119, the standard NNTP port.

remembertrash

By default, innd(8) records rejected articles in history so that, if offered the same article again, it can be refused before it is sent. If you wish to disable this behavior, set this to false. This can cause a substantial increase in the amount of bandwidth consumed by incoming news if you have several peers and reject a lot of articles, so be careful with it. Even if this is set to true, INN won't log some rejected articles to history if there's reason to believe the article might be accepted if offered by a different peer, so there is usually no reason to set this to false (although doing so can decrease the size of the history file). This is a boolean value and the default is true.

sourceaddress

Which local IP address to bind to for outgoing NNTP sockets (used by innxmit(8) among other programs, as well as innfeed(8) as long as not overridden by bindaddress in innfeed.conf(5)). This must be in dotted-quad format (nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn). If set to "all", the operating system will choose the source IP address for outgoing connections. The default value is unset.

sourceaddress6

Like sourceaddress but for IPv6 sockets. Note that you will generally need to put double quotes ("") around this value if you set it, since IPv6 addresses contain colons.

verifygroups

Set this to true to reject incoming articles which contain an unknown newsgroup in the whole list of newsgroups to which they are posted. In case wanttrash is set to true, such articles will still be rejected. This is a boolean value, and the default is false.

wanttrash

Set this to true if you want to file articles posted to unknown newsgroups (newsgroups not in the active file) into the "junk" newsgroup rather than rejecting them. This is sometimes useful for a transit news server that needs to propagate articles (according to the setting of "Aj" in the newsfeeds feed pattern) in all newsgroups regardless if they're carried locally. This is a boolean value and the default is false.

The logtrash parameter specifies whether such articles should be logged as posted to unwanted newsgroups in the news log file.

wipcheck

If INN is offered an article by a peer on one channel, it will return deferral responses (code 436) to all other offers of that article for this many seconds. (After this long, if the peer that offered the article still hasn't sent it, it will be accepted from other channels.) The default value is 5 and probably doesn't need to be changed.

wipexpire

How long, in seconds, to keep track of message IDs offered on a channel before expiring articles that still haven't been sent. The default value is 10 and probably doesn't need to be changed.

History Settings

hismethod

Which history storage method to use. The only currently supported value is "hisv6". There is no default value; this parameter must be set.

Article Storage

cnfscheckfudgesize

If set to a value other than 0, the claimed size of articles in CNFS cycbuffs is checked against maxartsize plus this value, and if larger, the CNFS cycbuff is considered corrupt. This can be useful as a sanity check after a system crash, but be careful using this parameter if you have changed maxartsize recently. The default value is 0.

enableoverview

Whether to write out overview data for articles. If set to false, INN will run much faster, but reading news from the system will be impossible (the server will be for news transit only). If this option is set to true, ovmethod must also be set. This is a boolean value and the default is true.

extraoverviewadvertised

Besides the seven standard overview fields (which are in order "Subject", "From", "Date", "Message-ID", "References", ":bytes" and ":lines") and the eighth "Xref:full" field required by INN in order to handle crossposts, it is possible to add other fields in the overview database. This parameter expects a list of such header field names. Overview data for these additional header fields will be generated for each new article at the time of arrival. For instance, if you specify:

    extraoverviewadvertised: [ Path Injection-Info ]
    

it implies that nnrpd will advertise "Path:full" and "Injection-Info:full" as the ninth and tenth fields in response to LIST OVERVIEW.FMT and that these two header field bodies will be stored in the overview database for each new article.

The default value is an empty list (no additional fields are stored). Owing to optimizations when innd parses the articles it receives, it is possible that all the values in the list are not recognized by innd as standard header field names. In such cases, innd will log an error in news.err at startup and the unrecognized fields will be discarded.

You should advertise only fields for which the overview database is consistent, that is to say it records the content or absence of these fields for all articles, including those already existing in the news spool. Consequently, if you decide to add or remove a field from your overview database, you should either modify extraoverviewadvertised and rebuild your overview database with makehistory(8) after removing all existing overview files, or implement a transition period by first using extraoverviewhidden as described below.

Use of a transition period can accommodate most overview reconfigurations, but certain drastic changes may still require a complete overview rebuild.

If for instance you want to store the content of the To header field body in addition to the fields already stored above, you should use:

    extraoverviewadvertised: [ Path Injection-Info ]
    extraoverviewhidden:     [ To ]
    

This way, "To:full" will not be advertised by nnrpd but will be stored for each new article. Once you know that all articles in your overview database record the content or absence of that new field (if expire.ctl(5) is parametered so that all your articles expire within 30 days, you can assume the database is in such a state after 30 days -- however, note that time to expiration can be unpredictable with CNFS and you then have to use "cnfsstat -a" for checking on when buffers have rolled over), you should put:

    extraoverviewadvertised: [ Path Injection-Info To ]
    extraoverviewhidden:     [ ]
    

The "To" value must be added at the end of the list because order matters and fields mentioned in extraoverviewhidden are generated after those mentioned in extraoverviewadvertised. nnrpd will now advertise "To:full" in response to the LIST OVERVIEW.FMT command ("full" indicates that the header field name appears followed by its value).

Now suppose you want to remove the content of the Injection-Info header field from the overview. As order matters, the overview database will no longer be consistent for the To header field. Therefore, you need to specify:

    extraoverviewadvertised: [ Path ]
    extraoverviewhidden:     [ To ]
    

And once overview data is accurate for all articles, you should use:

    extraoverviewadvertised: [ Path To ]
    extraoverviewhidden:     [ ]
    

Note that you have to restart nnrpd if it runs as a daemon whenever you change the value of extraoverviewadvertised; a mere "ctlinnd xexec innd" is not enough.

extraoverviewhidden

This parameter should be used in conjunction with extraoverviewadvertised (see above for more details). It expects a list of header field names. Overview data for these header fields will be generated for each new article at the time of arrival but, contrary to the fields mentioned in extraoverviewadvertised, nnrpd will not advertise them in response to the LIST OVERVIEW.FMT command. It also implies that nnrpd will not look in the overview database for fields mentioned in extraoverviewhidden when it handles HDR, XHDR and XPAT requests; nnrpd will have to parse the headers of the requested articles in the news spool, which is slower than directly querying the overview database.

The default value is an empty list (no additional fields are stored). Owing to optimizations when innd parses the articles it receives, it is possible that all the values in the list are not recognized by innd as standard header field names. In such cases, innd will log an error in news.err at startup and the unrecognized fields will be discarded.

groupbaseexpiry

Whether to enable newsgroup-based expiry. If set to false, article expiry is done based on storage class of storing method. If set to true (and overview information is available), expiry is done by newsgroup name. This affects the format of expire.ctl. This is a boolean value and the default is true.

mergetogroups

Whether to file all postings to "to.*" groups in the pseudonewsgroup "to". If this is set to true, the newsgroup "to" must exist in the active file or INN will not start. (See the discussion of "to." groups in innd(8) under CONTROL MESSAGES.) This is a boolean value and the default is false.

nfswriter

For servers writing articles, determine whether the article spool is on NFS storage. If set, INN attempts to flush articles to the spool in a more timely manner, rather than relying on the operating system to flush things such as the CNFS article bitmaps. You should only set this parameter if you are attempting to use a shared NFS spool on a machine acting as a single writer within a cluster. This is a boolean value and the default is false.

overcachesize

How many cache slots to reserve for open overview files. If INN is writing overview files (see enableoverview), ovmethod is set to "tradindexed", and this is set to a value other than 0, INN will keep around and open that many recently written-to overview files in case more articles come in for those newsgroups. Every overview cache slot consumes two file descriptors, so be careful not to set this value too high. You may be able to use the "limit" command to see how many open file descriptors your operating system allows. innd(8) also uses an open file descriptor for each incoming feed and outgoing channel or batch file, and if it runs out of open file descriptors, it may throttle and stop accepting new news. The default value is 128 (which is probably still too low if you have a large number of file descriptors available).

This setting is ignored unless ovmethod is set to "tradindexed".

ovgrouppat

If set, restricts the overview data stored by INN to only the newsgroups matching this comma-separated list of uwildmat expressions. Newsgroups not matching this setting may not be readable, and if groupbaseexpiry is set to true and the storage method for these newsgroups does not have self-expire functionality, storing overview data will fail. The default is unset.

ovmethod

Which overview storage method to use. Currently supported values are "buffindexed", "ovdb", "ovsqlite" and "tradindexed". There is no default value; this parameter must be set if enableoverview is true (the default).

storeonxref

If set to true, articles will be stored based on the newsgroup names in the Xref header field body rather than in the Newsgroups header field body. This affects what the patterns in storage.conf apply to. The primary interesting effect of setting this to true is to enable filing of all control messages according to what storage class the control pseudogroups are filed in rather than according to the newsgroups the control messages are posted to. This is a boolean value and the default is true.

If the tradspool article storage method is used, storeonxref must be true.

useoverchan

Whether to innd(8) should create overview data internally through libinnstorage(3). If set to false, innd creates overview data by itself. If set to true, innd does not create; instead overview data must be created by overchan(8) from an appropriate entry in newsfeeds. Setting to true may be useful, if innd cannot keep up with incoming feed and the bottleneck is creation of overview data within innd. This is a boolean value and the default is false.

wireformat

Only used with the tradspool storage method, this says whether to write articles in wire format. Wire format means storing articles with "\r\n" at the end of each line and with periods at the beginning of lines doubled, the article format required by the NNTP protocol. Articles stored in this format are suitable for sending directly to a network connection without requiring conversion, and therefore setting this to true can make the server more efficient. The primary reason not to set this is if you have old existing software that looks around in the spool and doesn't understand how to read wire format. Storage methods other than tradspool always store articles in wire format. This is a boolean value and the default is true.

xrefslave

Whether to act as the slave of another server. If set, INN attempts to duplicate exactly the article numbering of the server feeding it by looking at the Xref header field body of incoming articles and assigning the same article numbers to articles as was noted in the Xref header field body from the upstream server. The result is that clients should be able to point at either server interchangeably (using some load balancing scheme, for example) and see the same internal article numbering. Servers with this parameter set should generally only have one upstream feed, and should always have nnrpdposthost set to hand locally posted articles off to the master server. The upstream should be careful to always feed articles in order (innfeed(8) can have problems with this in the event of a backlog). This is a boolean value and the default is false.

Reading

allownewnews

Whether to allow use of the NEWNEWS command by clients. This command used to put a heavy load on the server in older versions of INN, but is now reasonably efficient, at least if only one newsgroup is specified by the client. This is a boolean value and the default is true. If you use the access parameter in readers.conf, be sure to read about the way it overrides allownewnews.

articlemmap

Whether to attempt to mmap() articles. Setting this to true will give better performance on most systems, but some systems have problems with mmap(). If this is set to false, articles will be read into memory before being sent to readers. This is a boolean value and the default is true.

clienttimeout

How long (in seconds) a client connection can be idle before it exits. When setting this parameter, be aware that some newsreaders use the same connection for reading and posting and don't deal well with the connection timing out while a post is being composed. If the system isn't having a problem with too many long-lived connections, it may be a good idea to increase this value to 3600 (an hour). The default value is 1800 (thirty minutes).

initialtimeout

How long (in seconds) nnrpd will wait for the first command from a reader connection before dropping the connection. This is a defensive timeout intended to protect the news server from badly behaved reader clients that open and abandon a multitude of connections without every closing them. The default value is 10 (ten seconds), which may need to be increased if many clients connect via slow network links.

msgidcachesize

How many cache slots to reserve for message-IDs to storage token translations. When serving overview data to clients (NEWNEWS, OVER, etc.), nnrpd(8) can cache the storage token associated with a message-ID and save the cost of looking it up in the history file; for some configurations, setting this parameter can save more than 90% of the wall clock time for a session. The default value is 64000.

nfsreader

For servers reading articles, determine whether the article spool is on NFS storage. If set, INN will attempt to force articles and overviews to be read directly from the NFS spool rather than from cached copies. You should only set this parameter if you are attempting to use a shared NFS spool on a machine acting as a reader within a cluster. This is a boolean value and the default is false.

nfsreaderdelay

If nfsreader is set, INN will use the value of nfsreaderdelay to delay the apparent arrival time of articles to clients by this amount. Note that only answers to GROUP and NEWNEWS commands are affected. This value should be tuned based on the NFS cache timeouts locally. The default is 60, that is to say one minute.

nnrpdcheckart

Whether nnrpd should check the existence of an article before listing it as present in response to an NNTP command. The primary use of this setting is to prevent nnrpd from returning information about articles which are no longer present on the server but which still have overview data available. Checking the existence of articles before returning overview information slows down the overview commands, but reduces the number of "article is missing" errors seen by the client. This is a boolean value and the default is true.

nnrpdflags

When nnrpd(8) is spawned from innd(8), these flags are passed as arguments to the nnrpd process. This setting does not affect instances of nnrpd that are started in daemon mode, or instances that are started via another listener process such as inetd(8) or xinetd(8). Shell quoting and metacharacters are not supported. This is a string value and the default is unset.

nnrpdloadlimit

If set to a value other than 0, connections to nnrpd will be refused if the system load average is higher than this value. The default value is 16.

noreader

Normally, innd(8) will fork a copy of nnrpd(8) for all incoming connections from hosts not listed in incoming.conf. If this parameter is set to true, those connections will instead be rejected with a 502 error code. This should be set to true for a transit-only server that doesn't support readers, or if nnrpd is running in daemon mode or being started out of inetd. This is a boolean value and the default is false.

readerswhenstopped

Whether to allow readers to connect even if the server is paused or throttled. This is only applicable if nnrpd(8) is spawned from innd(8) rather than run out of inetd or in daemon mode. This is a boolean value and the default is false.

readertrack

Whether to enable the tracking system for client behavior. Tracked information is recorded to pathlog/tracklogs/log-ID, where ID is determined by nnrpd's PID and launch time. Currently the information recorded includes initial connection and posting; only information about clients listed in nnrpd.track is recorded. In addition, every posted article will be saved in pathlog/trackposts/track.message-id, where message-id is the message ID of the post. This is a boolean value and the default is false.

tradindexedmmap

Whether to attempt to mmap() tradindexed overviews articles. Setting this to true will give better performance on most systems, but some systems have problems with mmap(). If this is set to false, overviews will be read into memory before being sent to readers. This is a boolean value and the default is true.

INN has optional support for generating keyword information automatically from article body text and putting that information in overview for the use of clients that know to look for it (HDR, OVER and XPAT commands). The following parameters control that feature.

This may be too slow if you're taking a substantial feed, and probably will not be useful for the average news reader; enabling this is not recommended unless you have some specific intention to take advantage of it.

keywords

Whether the keyword generation support should be enabled. This is a boolean value and the default is false.

If an article already contains a Keywords header field, no keyword generation is done and the original Keywords header field is kept untouched.

In order to use this feature, the regex library should be available and INN configured with the --enable-keywords flag. Otherwise, no keywords will be generated, even though this boolean value is set to true. You also have to add the Keywords header field into the overview with extraoverviewadvertised or extraoverviewhidden.

keyartlimit

Articles larger than this value in bytes will not have keywords generated for them (since it would take too long to do so). The default value is 100000 (approximately 100 KB).

keylimit

Maximum number of bytes allocated for keyword data. If there are more keywords than will fit into this many bytes when separated by commas, the rest are discarded. The default value is 512.

keymaxwords

Maximum number of keywords that will be generated for an article. (The keyword generation code will attempt to discard "noise" words, so the number of keywords actually written into the overview will usually be smaller than this even if the maximum number of keywords is found.) The default value is 250.

Posting

addinjectiondate

Whether to add an Injection-Date header field to all local posts. This is a boolean value and the default is true.

Note that no Injection-Date header fields will be added to local posts already containing both a Message-ID header field and a Date header field. This is done in conformance with standards, to help minimize the possibility of a loop in e-mail gatewaying and ensure that a newly injected article is not treated as a new, separate article in case of multiple injection of the same article to different injecting agents.

addinjectionpostingaccount

Whether to add a posting-account attribute to the Injection-Info header field body to all local posts giving the username assigned to the user at connection time or after authentication. This is a boolean value and the default is false. There is no intrinsic support for obfuscating the value. That has to be done with a user-written Perl filter, if desired.

addinjectionpostinghost

Whether to add a posting-host attribute to the Injection-Info header field body to all local posts giving an FQDN (when known, by reverse lookup of the client IP address) and IP address of the system from which the post was received. This is a boolean value and the default is true. Note that INN either does not add this attribute or adds the name (when known) and IP address of the client. There is no intrinsic support for obfuscating the name of the client. That has to be done with a user-written Perl filter, if desired.

When this parameter is set to true, an FQDN (obtained by reverse lookup of the client IP address or, if unknown, the IP address itself) of the client is also added to the Path header field body, after the "!.POSTED" diagnostic.

checkincludedtext

Whether to check local postings for the ratio of new to quoted text and reject them if that ratio is under 50%. Included text is recognized by looking for lines beginning with ">", "|", or ":". This is a boolean value and the default is false.

complaints

The value of the mail-complaints-to attribute of the Injection-Info header field added to all local posts. The default is the newsmaster's e-mail address. (If the newsmaster, selected at configure time and defaulting to "usenet", doesn't contain "@", the address will consist of the newsmaster, a "@", and the value of fromhost.)

fromhost

Contains a domain used to construct e-mail addresses. The address of the local news administrator will be given as <user>@fromhost, where <user> is the newsmaster user set at compile time ("usenet" by default). This setting will also be used by mailpost(8) to fully qualify addresses and by inews(1) to generate the Sender header field (and the From header field if missing). The value of the FROMHOST environment variable, if set, overrides this setting. The default is the fully qualified domain name of the local host.

localmaxartsize

The maximum article size (in bytes) for locally posted articles. Articles larger than this will be rejected. A value of 0 allows any size of article, but note that nnrpd and innd will crash if system memory is exceeded. See also maxartsize, which applies to all articles including those posted locally. The default value is 1000000 (approximately 1 MB).

moderatormailer

The address to which to send submissions for moderated groups. It is only used if the moderators file doesn't exist, or if the moderated group to which an article is posted is not matched by any entry in that file, and takes the same form as an entry in the moderators file. In most cases, "%s@moderators.isc.org" is a good value for this parameter (%s is expanded into a form of the newsgroup name). See moderators(5) for more details about the syntax. The default is unset. If this parameter isn't set and an article is posted to a moderated group that does not have a matching entry in the moderators file, the posting will be rejected with an error.

nnrpdauthsender

Whether to generate a Sender header field based on reader authentication. If this parameter is set, a Sender header field will be added to local posts containing the identity assigned by readers.conf. If the assigned identity does not include an "@", the reader's hostname is used. If this parameter is set but no identity is assigned, the Sender header field will be removed from all posts even if the poster includes one. This is a boolean value and the default is false.

nnrpdposthost

If set, nnrpd(8) and rnews(1) will pass all locally posted articles to the specified host rather than trying to inject them locally. See also nnrpdpostport. This should always be set if xrefslave is true. The default value is unset.

nnrpdpostport

The port on the remote server to connect to to post when nnrpdposthost is used. The default value is 119.

organization

What to put in the Organization header field body if it is left blank by the poster. The value of the ORGANIZATION environment variable, if set, overrides this setting. The default is unset, which tells INN not to insert an Organization header field.

spoolfirst

If true, nnrpd(8) will spool new articles rather than attempting to send them to innd(8). If false, nnrpd will spool articles only if it receives an error trying to send them to innd. Setting this to true can be useful if nnrpd must respond as fast as possible to the client; however, when set, articles will not appear to readers until they are given to innd. nnrpd won't do this; "rnews -U" must be run periodically to take the spooled articles and post them. This is a boolean value and the default is false.

strippostcc

Whether to strip To, Cc, and Bcc header fields out of all local posts via nnrpd(8). The primary purpose of this setting is to prevent abuse of the news server by posting to a moderated group and including To or Cc header fields in the post so that the news server will send the article to arbitrary addresses. INN now protects against this abuse in other ways provided mta is set to a command that includes %s and honors it, so this is generally no longer needed. This is a boolean value and the default is false.

nnrpd(8) has support for controlling high-volume posters via an exponential backoff algorithm, as configured by the following parameters.

Exponential posting backoff works as follows: news clients are indexed by IP address (or username, see backoffauth below). Each time a post is received from an IP address, the time of posting is stored (along with the previous sleep time, see below). After a configurable number of posts in a configurable period of time, nnrpd(8) will begin to sleep for increasing periods of time before actually posting anything (posting backoff is therefore activated). Posts will still be accepted, but at an increasingly reduced rate.

After backoff has been activated, the length of time to sleep is computed based on the difference in time between the last posting and the current posting. If this difference is less than backoffpostfast, the new sleep time will be 1 + (previous sleep time * backoffk). If this difference is less than backoffpostslow but greater than backoffpostfast, then the new sleep time will equal the previous sleep time. If this difference is greater than backoffpostslow, the new sleep time is zero and posting backoff is deactivated for this poster. (Note that this does not mean posting backoff cannot be reactivated later in the session.)

Exponential posting backoff will not be enabled unless backoffdb is set and backoffpostfast and backoffpostslow are set to something other than their default values.

Here are the parameters that control exponential posting backoff:

backoffauth

Whether to index posting backoffs by user rather than by source IP address. You must be using authentication in nnrpd(8) for a value of true to have any meaning. This is a boolean value and the default is false.

backoffdb

The path to a directory, writeable by the news user, that will contain the backoff database. There is no default for this parameter; you must provide a path to a creatable or writeable directory to enable exponential backoff.

backoffk

The amount to multiply the previous sleep time by if the user is still posting too quickly. A value of 2 will double the sleep time for each excessive post. The default value is 1.

backoffpostfast

Postings from the same identity that arrive in less than this amount of time (in seconds) will trigger increasing sleep time in the backoff algorithm. The default value is 0.

backoffpostslow

Postings from the same identity that arrive in greater than this amount of time (in seconds) will reset the backoff algorithm. Another way to look at this constant is to realize that posters will be allowed to generate at most 86400/backoffpostslow posts per day. The default value is 1.

backofftrigger

This many postings are allowed before the backoff algorithm is triggered. The default value is 10000.

TLS/SSL Support for Reading and Posting

The parameters related to certificates are:

tlscafile

The path to a file containing certificate authority root certificates, used to present a trust chain to a TLS client. This parameter is only used if nnrpd is built with TLS/SSL support. The default value is an empty string.

tlscapath

The path to a directory containing certificate authority root certificates. Each file in the directory should contain one CA certificate, and the name of the file should be the CA subject name hash value. See the OpenSSL documentation for more information. This parameter is only used if nnrpd is built with TLS/SSL support. The default value is pathetc.

tlscertfile

The path to a file containing the server certificate to present to TLS clients. This parameter is only used if nnrpd is built with TLS/SSL support. The default value is pathetc/cert.pem.

If you want to use a complete certificate chain, you can directly put it in tlscertfile (like Apache's SSLCertificateFile directive). Alternately, you can put a single certificate in tlscertfile and use tlscafile for additional certificates needed to complete the chain, like a separate authority root certificate.

More concretly, when using Let's Encrypt certificates, Certbot's files can be installed as follows:

    tlscapath:      /etc/letsencrypt/live/news.server.com
    tlscertfile:    /etc/letsencrypt/live/news.server.com/fullchain.pem
    tlskeyfile:     /etc/letsencrypt/live/news.server.com/privkey.pem
    

or:

    tlscapath:      /etc/letsencrypt/live/news.server.com
    tlscafile:      /etc/letsencrypt/live/news.server.com/chain.pem
    tlscertfile:    /etc/letsencrypt/live/news.server.com/cert.pem
    tlskeyfile:     /etc/letsencrypt/live/news.server.com/privkey.pem
    

Make sure that the permission rights are properly set so that the news user or the news group can read these directories and files (typically, he should access /etc/letsencrypt/live/news.server.com and /etc/letsencrypt/archive/news.server.com where the real keys are located, and the private key should not be world-readable).

tlskeyfile

The path to a file containing the encryption key for the server certificate named in tlscertfile. This may be the same as tlscertfile if, when you created the certificate, you put the key in the same file (if, for example, you gave the same file name to both the -out and -keyout options to "openssl req"). This parameter is only used if nnrpd is built with TLS/SSL support. The default value is pathetc/key.pem.

This file must only be readable by the news user or nnrpd will refuse to use it.

Finally, here are the parameters that can be used to tighten the level of security provided by TLS/SSL in case new attacks exploitable in NNTP on the TLS protocol or some supported cipher suite are discovered:

tlsciphers

The string describing the cipher suites OpenSSL will support for TLS 1.2 and below. See OpenSSL's ciphers(1) command documentation for details. The default is unset, which uses OpenSSL's default cipher suite list.

tlsciphers13

The string describing the cipher suites OpenSSL will support for TLS 1.3. See OpenSSL's ciphers(1) command documentation for details. The default is unset, which uses OpenSSL's default cipher suite list.

Note that a separate cipher suite configuration parameter is needed for TLS 1.3 because TLS 1.3 cipher suites are not compatible with TLS 1.2, and vice-versa. In order to avoid issues where legacy TLS 1.2 cipher suite configuration configured in the tlsciphers parameter would inadvertently disable all TLS 1.3 cipher suites, the inn.conf configuration has been separated out.

tlscompression

Whether to enable or disable TLS/SSL-level compression support, if the negotiated protocol supports it (notably, TLS 1.3 no longer supports it). This is a boolean and the default is false, that is to say compression is disabled, so as to follow the best current practices for a secure use of TLS in application protocols (see RFC 8143 for NNTP).

Note that enabling TLS/SSL-level compression will be possible only if the OpenSSL library INN has been built with, supports that feature.

tlseccurve

The name of the elliptic curve to use for ephemeral key exchanges. To see the list of curves supported by OpenSSL, use "openssl ecparam -list_curves".

The default is unset, which means an appropriate curve is auto-selected (if your OpenSSL version is at least 1.0.2 or you are using LibreSSL) or the NIST P-256 curve is used.

This option is only effective if your OpenSSL version has ECDH support.

tlspreferserverciphers

Whether to let the client or the server decide the preferred cipher suite, signature algorithm or elliptic curve to use for an incoming connection. This is a boolean and the default is true, that is to say the server will choose following its own preferences.

tlsprotocols

The list of TLS/SSL protocol versions to support. Valid protocols are SSLv2, SSLv3, TLSv1, TLSv1.1, TLSv1.2 and TLSv1.3. The default value is to only allow secure TLS protocols:

    tlsprotocols: [ TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3 ]
    

Note that the listed protocols will be enabled only if the OpenSSL library INN has been built with, supports them. In case OpenSSL supports protocols more recent than TLSv1.3, they will be automatically enabled (which anyway is fine regarding security, as newer protocols are supposed to be more secure).

"SSLv2" was formally deprecated by RFC 6176 in 2011, "SSLv3" by RFC 7568 in 2015, "TLSv1.0" and "TLSv1.1" by RFC 8996 in 2021.

Monitoring

doinnwatch

Whether to start innwatch(8) from rc.news. This is a boolean value, and the default is true.

innwatchbatchspace

Free space in pathoutgoing, in inndf(8) output units (normally kilobytes), at which innd(8) will be throttled by innwatch(8), assuming a default innwatch.ctl. The default value is 4000.

innwatchlibspace

Free space in pathdb, in inndf(8) output units (normally kilobytes), at which innd(8) will be throttled by innwatch(8), assuming a default innwatch.ctl. The default value is 25000.

innwatchloload

Load average times 100 at which innd(8) will be restarted by innwatch(8) (undoing a previous pause or throttle), assuming a default innwatch.ctl. The default value is 1000 (that is, a load average of 10.00).

innwatchhiload

Load average times 100 at which innd(8) will be throttled by innwatch(8), assuming a default innwatch.ctl. The default value is 2000 (that is, a load average of 20.00).

innwatchpauseload

Load average times 100 at which innd(8) will be paused by innwatch(8), assuming a default innwatch.ctl. The default value is 1500 (that is, a load average of 15.00).

innwatchsleeptime

How long (in seconds) innwatch(8) will sleep between each check of INN. The default value is 600.

innwatchspoolnodes

Free inodes in patharticles at which innd(8) will be throttled by innwatch(8), assuming a default innwatch.ctl. The default value is 200.

innwatchspoolspace

Free space in patharticles and pathoverview, in inndf(8) output units (normally kilobytes), at which innd(8) will be throttled by innwatch(8), assuming a default innwatch.ctl. The default value is 25000.

Logging

docnfsstat

Whether to start cnfsstat(8) when innd(8) is started. cnfsstat will log the status of all CNFS cycbuffs to syslog on a periodic basis (frequency is the default for "cnfsstat -l", currently 600 seconds). This is a boolean value and the default is false.

htmlstatus

Whether innd should write the status report as HTML file or in plain text. The HTML status file goes to pathhttp/inn_status.html, while the plain text status file is written to pathlog/inn.status. This is a boolean value and the default is true (an HTML status file is written). Also see the status parameter.

incominglogfrequency

How many articles to process on an incoming channel before logging the activity. The default value is 200.

logartsize

Whether the size of accepted articles (in bytes) should be written to the article log file. This is useful for flow rate statistics and is recommended. This is a boolean value and the default is true.

logcancelcomm

Set this to true to log "ctlinnd cancel" commands to syslog. This is a boolean value and the default is false.

logcycles

How many old logs scanlogs(8) keeps. scanlogs(8) is generally run by news.daily(8) and will archive compressed copies of this many days worth of old logs. The default value is 3.

logipaddr

Whether the verified name of the remote feeding host should be logged to the article log for incoming articles rather than the last entry in the Path header field body. The only reason to ever set this to false is due to some interactions with newsfeeds flags; see newsfeeds(5) for more information. This is a boolean value and the default is true.

logsitename

Whether the names of the sites to which accepted articles will be sent should be put into the article log file. This is useful for debugging and statistics. This is a boolean value and the default is true.

logstatus

Whether innd should write a shortened version of its status report to syslog every status seconds. This is a boolean value and the default is true. If set to true, see the status parameter for more details on how to enable status reporting.

logtrash

Whether innd should add a line in the news log file to report unwanted newsgroups (that is to say newsgroups not locally carried by the news server). This is a boolean value and the default is true. It may be useful to set it to false when wanttrash is set to true.

nnrpdoverstats

Whether nnrpd overview statistics should be logged via syslog. This can be useful for measuring overview performance. This is a boolean value and the default is true.

nntplinklog

Whether to put the storage API token for accepted articles (used by nntplink) in the article log. This is a boolean value and the default is false.

stathist

Where to write history statistics for analysis with contrib/stathist.pl; this can be modified with ctlinnd(8) while innd is running. Logging does not occur unless a path is given, and there is no default value.

status

How frequently (in seconds) innd(8) should write out a status report. The report is written to pathhttp/inn_status.html or pathlog/inn.status depending on the value of htmlstatus. If this is set to 0 or "false", status reporting is disabled. The default value is 600 (that is to say reports are written every 10 minutes).

timer

How frequently (in seconds) innd(8) should report performance timings to syslog. If this is set to 0, performance timing is disabled. Enabling this is highly recommended, and innreport(8) can produce a nice summary of the timings. If set to 0, performance timings in nnrpd(8) are also disabled, although nnrpd always reports statistics on exit and therefore any non-zero value is equivalent for it. The default value is 600 (that is to say performance timings are reported every 10 minutes).

System Tuning

badiocount

How many read or write failures until a channel is put to sleep or closed. The default value is 5.

blockbackoff

Each time an attempted write returns EAGAIN or EWOULDBLOCK, innd(8) will wait for an increasing number of seconds before trying it again. This is the multiplier for the sleep time. If you're having trouble with channel feeds not keeping up, it may be good to change this value to 2 or 3, since then when the channel fills INN will try again in a couple of seconds rather than waiting two minutes. The default value is 120.

chaninacttime

The time (in seconds) to wait between noticing inactive channels. The default value is 600.

chanretrytime

How many seconds to wait before a channel restarts. The default value is 300.

datamovethreshold

The threshold for deciding whether to move already-read data to the top of buffer or extend the buffer. The buffer described here is used for reading NNTP data. Increasing this value may improve performance, but it should not be increased on Systems with insufficient memory. Permitted values are between 0 and 1048576 (out of range values are treated as 1048576) and the default value is 16384.

icdsynccount

How many article writes between updating the active and history files. The default value is 10.

keepmmappedthreshold

When using buffindexed, retrieving overview data (that is, responding to OVER or running expireover) causes mmapping of all overview data blocks which include requested overview data for newsgroup. But for high volume newsgroups like control.cancel, this may cause too much mmapping at once leading to system resource problems. To avoid this, if the amount to be mmapped exceeds keepmmappedthreshold (in KB), buffindexed mmap's just one overview block (8 KB). This parameter is specific to buffindexed overview storage method. The default value is 1024 (1 MB).

maxcmdreadsize

If set to anything other than 0, maximum buffer size (in bytes) for reading NNTP command will have this value. It should not be large on systems which are slow to process and store articles, as that would lead to innd(8) spending a long time on each channel and keeping other channels waiting. The default value is BUFSIZ defined in stdio.h (1024 in most environments, see setbuf(3)).

maxforks

How many times to attempt a fork(2) before giving up. The default value is 10.

maxlisten

How many incoming connections can queue up in the listen backlog for innd, nnrpd and two overview storage methods ("ovdb" and "ovsqlite"). The default value is 128 and should be raised in case you notice that some connection requests get dropped.

nicekids

If set to anything other than 0, all child processes of innd(8) will have this nice(2) value. This is usually used to give all child processes of innd(8) a lower priority (higher nice value) so that innd(8) can get the lion's share of the CPU when it needs it. The default value is 4.

nicenewnews

If set to anything greater than 0, all nnrpd(8) processes that receive and process a NEWNEWS command will nice(2) themselves to this value (giving other nnrpd processes a higher priority). The default value is 0. Note that this value will be ignored if set to a lower value than nicennrpd (or nicekids if nnrpd(8) is spawned from innd(8)).

nicennrpd

If set to anything greater than 0, all nnrpd(8) processes will nice(2) themselves to this value. This gives other news processes a higher priority and can help overchan(8) keep up with incoming news (if that's the object, be sure overchan(8) isn't also set to a lower priority via nicekids). The default value is 0, which will cause nnrpd(8) processes spawned from innd(8) to use the value of nicekids, while nnrpd(8) run as a daemon will use the system default priority. Note that for nnrpd(8) processes spawned from innd(8), this value will be ignored if set to a value lower than nicekids.

pauseretrytime

Wait for this many seconds before noticing inactive channels. Wait for this many seconds before innd processes articles when it's paused or the number of channel write failures exceeds badiocount. The default value is 300.

peertimeout

How long (in seconds) an innd(8) incoming channel may be inactive before innd closes it. The default value is 3600 (an hour).

rlimitnofile

The maximum number of file descriptors that innd(8) or innfeed(8) can have open at once. If innd(8) or innfeed(8) attempts to open more file descriptors than this value, it is possible the program may throttle or otherwise suffer reduced functionality. The number of open file descriptors is roughly the maximum number of incoming feeds and outgoing batches for innd(8) and the number of outgoing streams for innfeed(8). If this parameter is set to a negative value, the default limit of the operating system will be used; this will normally be adequate on systems other than Solaris. Nearly all operating systems have some hard maximum limit beyond which this value cannot be raised, usually either 128, 256, or 1024. The default value of this parameter is "-1". Setting it to 256 on Solaris systems is highly recommended.

Paths Names

patharchive

Where to store archived news. The default value is pathspool/archive.

patharticles

The path to where the news articles are stored (for storage methods other than CNFS). The default value is pathspool/articles.

pathbin

The path to the news binaries. The default value is pathnews/bin.

pathcontrol

The path to the files that handle control messages. The code for handling each separate type of control message is located here. Be very careful what you put in this directory with a name ending in ".pl", as it can potentially be a severe security risk. The default value is pathbin/control.

pathdb

The path to the database files used and updated by the server (currently, active, active.times, history and its indices, and newsgroups). The default value is pathnews/db.

pathetc

The path to the news configuration files. The default value is pathnews/etc.

pathfilter

The path to the Perl and Python filters. The default value is pathbin/filter.

pathhttp

Where any HTML files (such as periodic status reports) are placed. If the news reports should be available in real-time on the web, the files in this directory should be served by a web server. The default value is the value of pathnews/http.

pathincoming

Location where incoming batched news is stored. The default value is pathspool/incoming.

pathlog

Where the news log files are written. The default value is pathnews/log.

pathnews

The home directory of the news user and usually the root of the news hierarchy. There is no default; this parameter must be set in inn.conf or INN will refuse to start.

pathoutgoing

Default location for outgoing feed files. The default value is pathspool/outgoing.

pathoverview

The path to news overview files. The default value is pathspool/overview.

pathrun

The path to files required while the server is running and run-time state information. This includes lock files and the sockets for communicating with innd(8). This directory and the control sockets in it should be protected from unprivileged users other than the news user. The default value is pathnews/run.

pathspool

The root of the news spool hierarchy. This used mostly to set the defaults for other parameters, and to determine the path to the backlog directory for innfeed(8). The default value is pathnews/spool.

pathtmp

Where INN puts temporary files. For security reasons, this is not the same as the system temporary files directory (INN creates a lot of temporary files with predictable names and does not go to particularly great lengths to protect against symlink attacks and the like; this is safe provided that normal users can't write into its temporary directory). The default value is set at configure time and defaults to pathnews/tmp.