INCLUDING OTHER RCFILES

SETTING CONFIGURATION VARIABLES

CREATING KEY BINDINGS

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"<esc>"

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"<tab>"

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"<enter>"

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"<return>"

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"<insert>"

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"<home>"

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"<end>"

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"<pageup>"

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"<pagedown>"

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"<space>"

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"<left>"

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"<right>"

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"<up>"

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"<down>"

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"<f1>" to "<f12>"

Due to differences between various terminal emulators, this key identifier syntax may not be adequate to describe every keypress. As a workaround, Orpie will also accept key identifiers in octal notation. As an example, you could use \024 (do not enclose it in quotes) to represent Ctrl-T.

Orpie includes a secondary executable, orpie-curses-keys, that prints out the key identifiers associated with keypresses. You may find it useful when customizing orpierc.

Multiple keys may be bound to the same operation, if desired.

REMOVING KEY BINDINGS

CREATING KEY AUTO-BINDINGS

The syntax for the key identifiers is provided in the previous section.

CREATING OPERATION ABBREVIATIONS

Orpie performs autocompletion on these abbreviations, allowing you to type usually just a few letters in order to select the desired command. The order of the autocompletion matches will be the same as the order in which the abbreviations are registered by the rcfile--so you may wish to place the more commonly used operation abbreviations earlier in the list.

Multiple abbreviations may be bound to the same operation, if desired.

REMOVING OPERATION ABBREVIATIONS

CREATING MACROS

This macro syntax provides a way to create small programs; by way of example, the default orpierc file includes macros for the base 2 logarithm and the binary entropy function (bound to L and H, respectively), as well as ``register'' variable shortcuts (<f1> to <f12>).

Macros may call other macros recursively. However, take care that a macro does not call itself recursively; Orpie will not trap the infinite loop.

Note that operation abbreviations may be accessed within macros. For example, macro "A" "' a b o u t <return>" would bind A to display the ``about Orpie'' screen.

CREATING UNITS

1.

Define a set of orthogonal ``base units.'' All other units must be expressible in terms of these base units. The base units can be given a preferred SI prefix, which will be used whenever the units are standardized (e.g. via ustand). The unit symbols and preferred prefixes should all be quoted strings; to prefer no prefix, use the empty string ("").

It is expected that most users will use the fundamental SI units for base units.

2.

Define all other units in terms of either base units or previously-defined units. Again, the unit symbol and unit definition should be quoted strings. The definition should take the form of a numeric value followed by a units string, e.g. "2.5_kN*m/s". See the UNITS FORMATTING section for more details on the unit string format.

CREATING CONSTANTS

FUNCTIONS

For the exact integer data type, basic arithmetic operations will yield an exact integer result. Division of two exact integers will yield the quotient of the division. The more complicated functions will generally promote the integer to a real number, and as such the arithmetic will no longer be exact.

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function_10_x
Raise 10 to the power of the last stack element (inverse of function_log10).

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function_abs
Compute the absolute value of the last stack element.

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function_acos
Compute the inverse cosine of the last stack element. For real numbers, The result will be provided either in degrees or radians, depending on the angle mode of the calculator.

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function_acosh
Compute the inverse hyperbolic cosine of the last stack element.

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function_add
Add last two stack elements.

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function_arg
Compute the argument (phase angle of complex number) of the last stack element. The value will be provided in either degrees or radians, depending on the current angle mode of the calculator.

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function_asin
Compute the inverse sine of the last stack element. For real numbers, The result will be provided either in degrees or radians, depending on the angle mode of the calculator.

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function_asinh
Compute the inverse hyperbolic sine of the last stack element.

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function_atan
Compute the inverse tangent of the last stack element. For real numbers, The result will be provided either in degrees or radians, depending on the angle mode of the calculator.

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function_atanh
Compute the inverse hyperbolic tangent of the last stack element.

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function_binomial_coeff
Compute the binomial coefficient (``n choose k'') formed by the last two stack elements. If these arguments are real, the coefficient is computed using a fast approximation to the log of the gamma function, and therefore the result is subject to rounding errors. For exact integer arguments, the coefficient is computed using exact arithmetic; this has the potential to be a slow operation.

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function_ceiling
Compute the ceiling of the last stack element.

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function_convert_units
Convert stack element 2 to an equivalent expression in the units of element 1. Element 1 should be real-valued, and its magnitude will be ignored when computing the conversion.

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function_cos
Compute the cosine of the last stack element. If the argument is real, it will be assumed to be either degrees or radians, depending on the angle mode of the calculator.

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function_cosh
Compute the hyperbolic cosine of the last stack element.

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function_conj
Compute the complex conjugate of the last stack element.

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function_div
Divide element 2 by element 1.

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function_erf
Compute the error function of the last stack element.

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function_erfc
Compute the complementary error function of the last stack element.

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function_eval
Obtain the contents of the variable in the last stack position.

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function_exp
Evaluate the exponential function of the last stack element.

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function_factorial
Compute the factorial of the last stack element. For a real argument, this is computed using a fast approximation to the gamma function, and therefore the result may be subject to rounding errors (or overflow). For an exact integer argument, the factorial is computed using exact arithmetic; this has the potential to be a slow operation.

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function_floor
Compute the floor of the last stack element.

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function_gamma
Compute the Euler gamma function of the last stack element.

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function_gcd
Compute the greatest common divisor of the last two stack elements. This operation may be applied only to integer type data.

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function_im
Compute the imaginary part of the last stack element.

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function_inv
Compute the multiplicative inverse of the last stack element.

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function_lcm
Compute the least common multiple of the last two stack elements. This operation may be applied only to integer type data.

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function_ln
Compute the natural logarithm of the last stack element.

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function_lngamma
Compute the natural logarithm of the Euler gamma function of the last stack element.

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function_log10
Compute the base-10 logarithm of the last stack element.

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function_maximum
Find the maximum values of each of the columns of a real NxM matrix, returning a 1xM matrix as a result.

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function_minimum
Find the minimum values of each of the columns of a real NxM matrix, returning a 1xM matrix as a result.

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function_mean
Compute the sample means of each of the columns of a real NxM matrix, returning a 1xM matrix as a result.

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function_mod
Compute element 2 mod element 1. This operation can be applied only to integer type data.

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function_mult
Multiply last two stack elements.

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function_neg
Negate last stack element.

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function_permutation
Compute the permutation coefficient determined by the last two stack elements 'n' and 'k': the number of ways of obtaining an ordered subset of k elements from a set of n elements. If these arguments are real, the coefficient is computed using a fast approximation to the log of the gamma function, and therefore the result is subject to rounding errors. For exact integer arguments, the coefficient is computed using exact arithmetic; this has the potential to be a slow operation.

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function_pow
Raise element 2 to the power of element 1.

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function_purge
Delete the variable in the last stack position.

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function_re
Compute the real part of the last stack element.

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function_sin
Compute the sine of the last stack element. If the argument is real, it will be assumed to be either degrees or radians, depending on the angle mode of the calculator.

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function_sinh
Compute the hyperbolic sine of the last stack element.

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function_solve_linear
Solve a linear system of the form Ax = b, where A and b are the last two elements on the stack. A must be a square matrix and b must be a matrix with one column. This function does not compute inv(A), but obtains the solution by a more efficient LU decomposition method. This function is recommended over explicitly computing the inverse, especially when solving linear systems with relatively large dimension or with poorly conditioned matrices.

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function_sq
Square the last stack element.

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function_sqrt
Compute the square root of the last stack element.

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function_standardize_units
Convert the last stack element to an equivalent expression using the SI standard base units (kg, m, s, etc.).

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function_stdev_unbiased
Compute the unbiased sample standard deviation of each of the columns of a real NxM matrix, returning a 1xM matrix as a result. (Compare to HP48's sdev function.)

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function_stdev_biased
Compute the biased (population) sample standard deviation of each of the columns of a real NxM matrix, returning a 1xM matrix as a result. (Compare to HP48's psdev function.)

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function_store
Store element 2 in (variable) element 1.

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function_sub
Subtract element 1 from element 2.

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function_sumsq
Sum the squares of each of the columns of a real NxM matrix, returning a 1xM matrix as a result.

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function_tan
Compute the tangent of the last stack element. If the argument is real, it will be assumed to be either degrees or radians, depending on the angle mode of the calculator.

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function_tanh
Compute the hyperbolic tangent of the last stack element.

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function_to_int
Convert a real number to an integer type.

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function_to_real
Convert an integer type to a real number.

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function_total
Sum each of the columns of a real NxM matrix, returning a 1xM matrix as a result.

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function_trace
Compute the trace of a square matrix.

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function_transpose
Compute the matrix transpose of the last stack element.

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function_unit_value
Drop the units of the last stack element.

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function_utpn
Compute the upper tail probability of a normal distribution.
UTPN(m, v, x) = Integrate[ 1/Sqrt[2 Pi v] Exp[-(m-y)^2/(2 v)], {y, x, Infinity}]

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function_var_unbiased
Compute the unbiased sample variance of each of the columns of a real NxM matrix, returning a 1xM matrix as a result. (Compare to HP48's var function.)

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function_var_biased
Compute the biased (population) sample variance of each of the columns of a real NxM matrix, returning a 1xM matrix as a result. (Compare to HP48's pvar function.)

COMMANDS

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command_about
Display a nifty ``about Orpie'' credits screen.

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command_begin_abbrev
Begin entry of an operation abbreviation.

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command_begin_browsing
Enter stack browsing mode.

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command_begin_constant
Begin entry of a physical constant.

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command_begin_variable
Begin entry of a variable name.

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command_bin
Set the base of exact integer representation to 2 (binary).

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command_clear
Clear all elements from the stack.

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command_cycle_base
Cycle the base of exact integer representation between 2, 8, 10, and 16 (bin, oct, dec, and hex).

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command_cycle_help
Cycle through multiple help pages. The first page displays commonly used bindings, and the second page displays the current autobindings.

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command_dec
Set the base of exact integer representation to 10 (decimal).

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command_deg
Set the angle mode to degrees.

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command_drop
Drop the last element off the stack.

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command_dup
Duplicate the last stack element.

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command_enter_pi
Enter 3.1415... on the stack.

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command_hex
Set the base of exact integer representation to 16 (hexadecimal).

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command_oct
Set the base of exact integer representation to 8 (octal).

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command_polar
Set the complex display mode to polar.

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command_rad
Set the angle mode to radians.

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command_rand
Generate a random real-valued number between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive). The deviates are uniformly distributed.

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command_rect
Set the complex display mode to rectangular (cartesian).

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command_refresh
Refresh the display.

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command_swap
Swap stack elements 1 and 2.

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command_quit
Quit Orpie.

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command_toggle_angle_mode
Toggle the angle mode between degrees and radians.

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command_toggle_complex_mode
Toggle the complex display mode between rectangular and polar.

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command_undo
Undo the last calculator operation.

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command_view
View the last stack element in an external fullscreen editor.

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command_edit_input
Create a new stack element using an external editor.

EDIT OPERATIONS

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edit_angle
Begin entering the phase angle of a complex number. (Orpie will assume the angle is in either degrees or radians, depending on the current angle mode.)

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edit_backspace
Delete the last character entered.

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edit_begin_integer
Begin entering an exact integer.

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edit_begin_units
Begin appending units to a numeric expression.

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edit_complex
Begin entering a complex number.

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edit_enter
Enter the data that is currently being edited.

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edit_matrix
Begin entering a matrix, or begin entering the next row of a matrix.

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edit_minus
Enter a minus sign in input.

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edit_scientific_notation_base
Begin entering the scientific notation exponent of a real number, or the base of an exact integer.

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edit_separator
Begin editing the next element of a complex number or matrix. (This will insert a comma between elements.)

BROWSING OPERATIONS

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browse_echo
Echo the currently selected element to stack level 1.

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browse_end
Exit stack browsing mode.

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browse_drop
Drop the currently selected stack element.

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browse_dropn
Drop all stack elements below the current selection (inclusive).

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browse_keep
Drop all stack elements except the current selection. (This is complementary to browse_drop.

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browse_keepn
Drop all stack elements above the current selection (non-inclusive). (This is complementary to browse_dropn.

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browse_next_line
Move the selection cursor down one line.

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browse_prev_line
Move the selection cursor up one line.

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browse_rolldown
Cyclically ``roll'' stack elements downward, below the selected element (inclusive).

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browse_rollup
Cyclically ``roll'' stack elements upward, below the selected element (inclusive) .

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browse_scroll_left
Scroll the selected element to the left (for viewing very large entries such as matrices).

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browse_scroll_right
Scroll the selected element to the right.

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browse_view
View the currently selected stack element in a fullscreen editor.

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browse_edit
Edit the currently selected stack element using an external editor.

ABBREVIATION ENTRY OPERATIONS

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abbrev_backspace
Delete a character from the abbreviation string.

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abbrev_enter
Execute the operation associated with the selected abbreviation.

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abbrev_exit
Cancel abbreviation entry.

VARIABLE ENTRY OPERATIONS

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variable_backspace
Delete a character from the variable name.

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variable_cancel
Cancel entry of the variable name.

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variable_complete
Autocomplete the variable name.

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variable_enter
Enter the variable name on the stack.

INTEGER ENTRY OPERATIONS

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integer_cancel
Cancel entry of an integer.