rmlock, rm_init,
    rm_init_flags, rm_destroy,
    rm_rlock, rm_try_rlock,
    rm_wlock, rm_runlock,
    rm_wunlock, rm_wowned,
    rm_sleep, rm_assert,
    RM_SYSINIT,
    RM_SYSINIT_FLAGS, rms_init,
    rms_destroy, rms_rlock,
    rms_wlock, rms_runlock,
    rms_wunlock — kernel
    reader/writer lock optimized for read-mostly access patterns
#include
    <sys/param.h>
  
  #include <sys/lock.h>
  
  #include <sys/rmlock.h>
void
  
  rm_init(struct
    rmlock *rm, const char
    *name);
void
  
  rm_init_flags(struct
    rmlock *rm, const char
    *name, int
  opts);
void
  
  rm_destroy(struct
    rmlock *rm);
void
  
  rm_rlock(struct
    rmlock *rm, struct
    rm_priotracker* tracker);
int
  
  rm_try_rlock(struct
    rmlock *rm, struct
    rm_priotracker* tracker);
void
  
  rm_wlock(struct
    rmlock *rm);
void
  
  rm_runlock(struct
    rmlock *rm, struct
    rm_priotracker* tracker);
void
  
  rm_wunlock(struct
    rmlock *rm);
int
  
  rm_wowned(const
    struct rmlock *rm);
int
  
  rm_sleep(void
    *wchan, struct rmlock
    *rm, int priority,
    const char *wmesg,
    int timo);
  
  options INVARIANTS
  
  options INVARIANT_SUPPORT
  
  void
  
  rm_assert(struct
    rmlock *rm, int
    what);
#include
    <sys/kernel.h>
RM_SYSINIT(name,
    struct rmlock *rm,
    const char *desc);
RM_SYSINIT_FLAGS(name,
    struct rmlock *rm,
    const char *desc,
    int flags);
void
  
  rms_init(struct
    rmslock *rms, const char
    *name);
void
  
  rms_destroy(struct
    rmslock *rms);
void
  
  rms_rlock(struct
    rmslock *rms);
void
  
  rms_wlock(struct
    rmslock *rms);
void
  
  rms_runlock(struct
    rmslock *rms);
void
  
  rms_wunlock(struct
    rmslock *rms);
Read-mostly locks allow shared access to protected data by
    multiple threads, or exclusive access by a single thread. The threads with
    shared access are known as
    readers
    since they only read the protected data. A thread with exclusive access is
    known as a
    writer
    since it can modify protected data.
Read-mostly locks are designed to be efficient for locks almost
    exclusively used as reader locks and as such should be used for protecting
    data that rarely changes. Acquiring an exclusive lock after the lock has
    been locked for shared access is an expensive operation.
Normal read-mostly locks are similar to
    rwlock(9)
    locks and follow the same lock ordering rules as
    rwlock(9)
    locks. Read-mostly locks have full priority propagation like mutexes. Unlike
    rwlock(9),
    read-mostly locks propagate priority to both readers and writers. This is
    implemented via the rm_priotracker structure argument
    supplied to
    rm_rlock()
    and
    rm_runlock().
    Readers can recurse if the lock is initialized with the
    RM_RECURSE option; however, writers are never
    allowed to recurse.
Sleeping for writers can be allowed by passing
    RM_SLEEPABLE to
    rm_init_flags().
    It changes lock ordering rules to the same as for
    sx(9)
    locks. They do not propagate priority to writers, but they do propagate
    priority to readers. Note that readers are not permitted to sleep regardless
    of the flag.
Sleepable read-mostly locks (created with
    rms_init())
    allow sleeping for both readers and writers, but don't do priority
    propagation for either. They follow
    sx(9) lock
    ordering.
  rm_init(struct
    rmlock *rm, const char *name) 
  - Initialize the read-mostly lock rm. The
      name description is used solely for debugging
      purposes. This function must be called before any other operations on the
      lock.
 
  rm_init_flags(struct rmlock
    *rm, const char *name, int
    opts) 
  - Similar to 
rm_init(), initialize the read-mostly
      lock rm with a set of optional flags. The
      opts arguments contains one or more of the following
      flags:
    
      RM_NOWITNESS 
      - Instruct
          witness(4)
          to ignore this lock.
 
      RM_RECURSE 
      - Allow threads to recursively acquire shared locks for
          rm.
 
      RM_SLEEPABLE 
      - Create a sleepable read-mostly lock.
 
      RM_NEW 
      - If the kernel has been compiled with 
option
          INVARIANTS, rm_init_flags() will assert
          that the rm has not been initialized multiple
          times without intervening calls to
          rm_destroy()
          unless this option is specified. 
      RM_DUPOK 
      - witness(4)
          should not log messages about duplicate locks being acquired.
 
    
   
  rm_rlock(struct rmlock *rm,
    struct rm_priotracker* tracker) 
  - Lock rm as a reader using
      tracker to track read owners of a lock for priority
      propagation. This data structure is only used internally by
      
rmlock and must persist until
      rm_runlock() has been called. This data structure
      can be allocated on the stack since readers cannot sleep. If any thread
      holds this lock exclusively, the current thread blocks, and its priority
      is propagated to the exclusive holder. If the lock was initialized with
      the RM_RECURSE option the
      rm_rlock() function can be called when the current
      thread has already acquired reader access on
    rm. 
  rm_try_rlock(struct
    rmlock *rm, struct rm_priotracker* tracker) 
  - Try to lock rm as a reader.
      
rm_try_rlock() will return 0 if the lock cannot be
      acquired immediately; otherwise, the lock will be acquired and a non-zero
      value will be returned. Note that rm_try_rlock()
      may fail even while the lock is not currently held by a writer. If the
      lock was initialized with the RM_RECURSE option,
      rm_try_rlock() will succeed if the current thread
      has already acquired reader access. 
  rm_wlock(struct
    rmlock *rm) 
  - Lock rm as a writer. If there are any shared owners
      of the lock, the current thread blocks. The
      
rm_wlock() function cannot be called
    recursively. 
  rm_runlock(struct rmlock
    *rm, struct rm_priotracker* tracker) 
  - This function releases a shared lock previously acquired by
      
rm_rlock(). The tracker
      argument must match the tracker argument used for
      acquiring the shared lock 
  rm_wunlock(struct
    rmlock *rm) 
  - This function releases an exclusive lock previously acquired by
      
rm_wlock(). 
  rm_destroy(struct rmlock
    *rm) 
  - This functions destroys a lock previously initialized with
      
rm_init(). The rm lock must
      be unlocked. 
  rm_wowned(const
    struct rmlock *rm) 
  - This function returns a non-zero value if the current thread owns an
      exclusive lock on rm.
 
  rm_sleep(void
    *wchan, struct rmlock *rm, int
    priority, const char *wmesg, int
    timo) 
  - This function atomically releases rm while waiting
      for an event. The rm lock must be exclusively
      locked. For more details on the parameters to this function, see
      sleep(9).
 
  rm_assert(struct
    rmlock *rm, int what) 
  - This function asserts that the rm lock is in the
      state specified by what. If the assertions are not
      true and the kernel is compiled with 
options
      INVARIANTS and options INVARIANT_SUPPORT,
      the kernel will panic. Currently the following base assertions are
      supported:
    
      RA_LOCKED 
      - Assert that current thread holds either a shared or exclusive lock of
          rm.
 
      RA_RLOCKED 
      - Assert that current thread holds a shared lock of
          rm.
 
      RA_WLOCKED 
      - Assert that current thread holds an exclusive lock of
          rm.
 
      RA_UNLOCKED 
      - Assert that current thread holds neither a shared nor exclusive lock
          of rm.
 
    
    In addition, one of the following optional flags may be
        specified with RA_LOCKED,
        RA_RLOCKED, or
        RA_WLOCKED:
    
      RA_RECURSED 
      - Assert that the current thread holds a recursive lock of
          rm.
 
      RA_NOTRECURSED 
      - Assert that the current thread does not hold a recursive lock of
          rm.
 
    
   
  rms_init(struct
    rmslock *rms, const char *name) 
  - Initialize the sleepable read-mostly lock rms. The
      name description is used as
      wmesg parameter to the
      msleep(9)
      routine. This function must be called before any other operations on the
      lock.
 
  rms_rlock(struct
    rmlock *rm) 
  - Lock rms as a reader. If any thread holds this lock
      exclusively, the current thread blocks.
 
  rms_wlock(struct
    rmslock *rms) 
  - Lock rms as a writer. If the lock is already taken,
      the current thread blocks. The 
rms_wlock()
      function cannot be called recursively. 
  rms_runlock(struct
    rmslock *rms) 
  - This function releases a shared lock previously acquired by
      
rms_rlock(). 
  rms_wunlock(struct
    rmslock *rms) 
  - This function releases an exclusive lock previously acquired by
      
rms_wlock(). 
  rms_destroy(struct
    rmslock *rms) 
  - This functions destroys a lock previously initialized with
      
rms_init(). The rms lock
      must be unlocked. 
These functions appeared in FreeBSD
  7.0.
The rmlock facility was written by
    Stephan Uphoff. This manual page was written by
    Gleb Smirnoff for rwlock and modified to reflect
    rmlock by Stephan Uphoff.
The rmlock implementation is currently not
    optimized for single processor systems.
rm_try_rlock() can fail transiently even
    when there is no writer, while another reader updates the state on the local
    CPU.
The rmlock implementation uses a single
    per CPU list shared by all rmlocks in the system. If rmlocks become popular,
    hashing to multiple per CPU queues may be needed to speed up the writer lock
    process.